[转]如何优雅的设计 Spring Boot API 接口版本号
原文:https://blog.mariojd.cn/how-to-design-spring-boot-api-version-number-elegantly.html
一般来说,系统上线以后,需求仍会发生变动,功能也会迭代更新。可能是接口参数发生变更,也有可能是业务逻辑需要调整,如果直接在原来的接口上进行修改,必然会影响原有服务的正常运行。
常见的解决方案,是在接口路径中加入版本号用于区分,此外还可以在参数甚至 header 里带上版本号。这里以在请求路径中带上版本号为例,如:http://IP:PORT/api/v1/test ,v1 即代表的是版本号。当然了,可以像这样,直接写死在 @RequestMapping("api/v1/test") 属性中,不过下面提供了更为优雅的解决方案。
1. 自定义版本号标记注解:
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented public @interface ApiVersion { /** * 标识版本号,从1开始 */ int value() default 1; }
2. 重写相应的 RequestCondition
@Data @Slf4j public class ApiVersionCondition implements RequestCondition<ApiVersionCondition> { /** * 接口路径中的版本号前缀,如: api/v[1-n]/test */ private final static Pattern VERSION_PREFIX_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("/v(\\d+)/"); private int apiVersion; ApiVersionCondition(int apiVersion) { this.apiVersion = apiVersion; } /** * 最近优先原则,方法定义的 @ApiVersion > 类定义的 @ApiVersion */ @Override public ApiVersionCondition combine(ApiVersionCondition other) { return new ApiVersionCondition(other.getApiVersion()); } /** * 获得符合匹配条件的ApiVersionCondition */ @Override public ApiVersionCondition getMatchingCondition(HttpServletRequest request) { Matcher m = VERSION_PREFIX_PATTERN.matcher(request.getRequestURI()); if (m.find()) { int version = Integer.valueOf(m.group(1)); if (version >= getApiVersion()) { return this; } } return null; } /** * 当出现多个符合匹配条件的ApiVersionCondition,优先匹配版本号较大的 */ @Override public int compareTo(ApiVersionCondition other, HttpServletRequest request) { return other.getApiVersion() - getApiVersion(); } }
3. 重写部分 RequestMappingHandlerMapping 的方法
public class CustomRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping { @Override protected RequestCondition<?> getCustomTypeCondition(Class<?> handlerType) { // 扫描类上的 @ApiVersion ApiVersion apiVersion = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerType, ApiVersion.class); return createRequestCondition(apiVersion); } @Override protected RequestCondition<?> getCustomMethodCondition(Method method) { // 扫描方法上的 @ApiVersion ApiVersion apiVersion = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ApiVersion.class); return createRequestCondition(apiVersion); } private RequestCondition<ApiVersionCondition> createRequestCondition(ApiVersion apiVersion) { if (Objects.isNull(apiVersion)) { return null; } int value = apiVersion.value(); Assert.isTrue(value >= 1, "Api Version Must be greater than or equal to 1"); return new ApiVersionCondition(value); } }
4. 配置注册自定义的 CustomRequestMappingHandlerMapping
@Slf4j @Configuration public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { @Override public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() { return new CustomRequestMappingHandlerMapping(); } }
5. 编写接口,标记上相应的 @ApiVersion
@Slf4j @ApiVersion @RestController @RequestMapping("api/{version}/test") public class TestController { @GetMapping public String test01(@PathVariable String version) { return "test01 : " + version; } @GetMapping @ApiVersion(2) public String test02(@PathVariable String version) { return "test02 : " + version; } }
6. 启动 Application,测试及查看结果