类模板案例（11）

案例描述：实现一个通用的数组类，要求如下：

1.可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储

2.将数组中的数据存储到堆区

3.构造函数中可以传入数组的容量

4.提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题

5.提供尾插法和删除法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除

6.可以通过下标方式访问数组中的元素

7.可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量

/*MyArray*/
//自己的通用的数据类
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T>
class MyArray
{

public:

    //有参构造 参数 容量
    MyArray(int capacity)
    {
        cout << "MyArray有参构造调用！" << endl;
        this->m_Capacity = capacity;
        this->m_Size = 0;
        this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
    }

    //拷贝构造
    MyArray(const MyArray &arr)
    {
        cout << "MyArray拷贝构造调用！" << endl;
        this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
        this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
        //this->pAddress = arr.pAddress;//因为pAddress是指向堆区的，直接赋值操作会带来浅拷贝问题

        //深拷贝
        this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];

        //将arr中的数据都拷贝过来
        for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
        {
            this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
        }
    }

    //operator=防止浅拷贝问题
    MyArray& operator=(const MyArray &arr)
    {
        cout << "MyArray operator= 调用！" << endl;
        //先判断原来堆区是否有数据，如果有先释放
        if (this->pAddress != NULL)
        {
            cout << "MyArray析构函数调用！" << endl;
            delete[] this->pAddress;
            this->pAddress = NULL;
            this->m_Capacity = 0;
            this->m_Size = 0;
        }

        //深拷贝
        this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
        this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
        this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];

        for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
        {
            this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
        }

        return *this;
    }

    //尾插法
    void Push_Back(const T &val)
    {
        //判断容量是否等于大小
        if (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size)
        {
            cout << "容量已达上限！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;//在数组的末尾插入数据
        this->m_Size++;//更新数组大小
    }

    //尾删法
    void Pop_Back(void)
    {
        //让用户访问不到最后一个元素，即为尾删，逻辑删除
        if (this->m_Size == 0)
        {
            cout << "数组为空！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        this->m_Size--;
    }

    //用户可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素 arr[0]
    T& operator[](int index)
    {
        return this->pAddress[index];
    }

    //返回数组的容量
    int getCapacity(void)
    {
        return this->m_Capacity;
    }

    //返回数组的大小
    int getSize(void)
    {
        return this->m_Size;
    }

    //析构函数
    ~MyArray()
    {
        if (this->pAddress != NULL)
        {
            cout << "MyArray析构函数调用！" << endl;
            delete[] this->pAddress;
            this->pAddress = NULL;
        }
    }


private:

    T *pAddress;

    int m_Capacity;

    int m_Size;
};

/*main.cpp*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "myArray.hpp"
using namespace std;

void printIntArray(MyArray<int> &arr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
    {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

void test_01(void)
{
/*************************************************************/
    MyArray<int> arr1(5);

    for (int i = 0; i < 5;i++)
    {
        //利用尾插法向数组中插入数据
        arr1.Push_Back(i);
    }

    cout << "arr1的打印输出为：" << endl;
    
    printIntArray(arr1);

    cout << "arr1的容量为：" << arr1.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << "arr1的大小为：" << arr1.getSize() << endl;

/*************************************************************/
    MyArray<int> arr2(arr1);
    
    cout << "arr2的打印输出为：" << endl;

    printIntArray(arr2);

    //尾删
    arr2.Pop_Back();
    cout << "arr2的容量为：" << arr2.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << "arr2的大小为：" << arr2.getSize() << endl;

    //MyArray<int> arr2(arr1);
    //MyArray<int> arr3(100);
    //arr3 = arr1;
}

//测试自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
    Person(){}
    Person(string name, int age)
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }

    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};

void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person> &arr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
    {
        cout << "姓名：" << arr[i].m_Name << "年龄：" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;
    }
}

void test_02(void)
{
    MyArray<Person> arr(10);

    Person p1("孙悟空 ", 20);
    Person p2("韩信 ",21);
    Person p3("赵云 ",22);
    Person p4("安琪拉 ",23);
    Person p5("妲己 ",24);

    //将数据插入到数组中
    arr.Push_Back(p1);
    arr.Push_Back(p2);
    arr.Push_Back(p3);
    arr.Push_Back(p4);
    arr.Push_Back(p5);

    //打印数组
    printPersonArray(arr);

    //输出容量
    cout << "arr的容量为：" << arr.getCapacity() << endl;
    
    //输出大小
    cout << "arr的大小为：" << arr.getSize() << endl;
}

int main(void)
{
    //test_01();
    test_02();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}