手把手教你用Abp vnext构建API接口服务
ABP是一个开源应用程序框架,该项目是ASP.NET Boilerplate Web应用程序框架的下一代,专注于基于ASP.NET Core的Web应用程序开发,也支持开发控制台应用程序。
官方网站:https://abp.io/
官方文档:https://docs.abp.io/
一、使用ABP框架可以快速的搭建一个应用程序,仅需要几步即可完成:
1. 安装ABP CLI
ABP CLI是使用ABP框架启动新解决方案的最快方法。如果没有安装ABP CLI,使用命令行窗口安装ABP CLI:
dotnet tool install -g Volo.Abp.Cli
2. 在一个空文件夹中使用abp new命令创建您的项目:
abp new Acme.BookStore
您可以使用不同级别的名称空间。例如BookStore,Acme.BookStore或Acme.Retail.BookStore。
这样,就已经完成了一个应用程序的搭建。
然后我们只需要修改一下其他的配置即可运行应用程序,开发人员在这个架构的基础上就可以愉快的撸代码了。
然而,ABP的学习才刚刚开始。ABP放弃了原有MVC的架构,使用了模块化架构,支持微服务,根据DDD模式和原则设计和开发,为应用程序提供分层模型。对于没有微服务开发经验的程序员来说,学习ABP难度比较大。下面我们开始从一个空的web解决方案,一步步搭建API接口服务。
二、用APB基础架构搭建一个用户中心API接口服务
开发环境:Mac Visual Studio Code
SDK:dotnet core 3.1
1. 首先我们创建一个文件夹Lemon.UserCenter,并在终端中打开该文件夹。
使用命令创建一个空的web方案:
dotnet new web -o Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting
2. 再使用命令创建其他类库方案:
创建api层
dotnet new classlib -o Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi
创建应用层
dotnet new classlib -o Lemon.UserCenter.Application
创建领域层
dotnet new classlib -o Lemon.UserCenter.Domain
创建基于EntityFrameworkCore的数据层
dotnet new classlib -o Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore
3. 把所有类库加入解决方案,然后类库间互相引用:
创建解决方案
dotnet new sln
所有类库加入解决方案
dotnet sln Lemon.UserCenter.sln add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting.csproj
dotnet sln Lemon.UserCenter.sln add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.csproj
dotnet sln Lemon.UserCenter.sln add Lemon.UserCenter.Application/Lemon.UserCenter.Application.csproj
dotnet sln Lemon.UserCenter.sln add Lemon.UserCenter.Domain/Lemon.UserCenter.Domain.csproj
dotnet sln Lemon.UserCenter.sln add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj
添加项目引用
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting.csproj reference Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.csproj
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting.csproj reference Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.csproj reference Lemon.UserCenter.Application/Lemon.UserCenter.Application.csproj
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.Application/Lemon.UserCenter.Application.csproj reference Lemon.UserCenter.Domain/Lemon.UserCenter.Domain.csproj
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj reference Lemon.UserCenter.Domain/Lemon.UserCenter.Domain.csproj
4. 在领域层新增实体。
领域层添加Volo.Abp.Identity.Domain包引用:
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.Domain/Lemon.UserCenter.Domain.csproj package Volo.Abp.Identity.Domain
创建领域层模块类:
using Volo.Abp.Identity;
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.Domain
{
[DependsOn(typeof(AbpIdentityDomainModule))]
public class UserCenterDomainModule : AbpModule
{
}
}
创建实体类:
using System;
using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.Domain
{
public class UserData : Entity<Guid>
{
/// <summary>
/// 账号
/// </summary>
/// <value>The account.</value>
public string Account { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 昵称
/// </summary>
/// <value>The name of the nike.</value>
public string NickName { get; set; } = "";
/// <summary>
/// 头像
/// </summary>
/// <value>The head icon.</value>
public string HeadIcon { get; set; } = "";
/// <summary>
/// 手机号码
/// </summary>
/// <value>The mobile.</value>
public string Mobile { get; set; } = "";
/// <summary>
/// 电子邮箱
/// </summary>
/// <value>The email.</value>
public string Email { get; set; } = "";
/// <summary>
/// 删除注记
/// </summary>
/// <value><c>true</c> if deleted; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</value>
public bool Deleted { get; set; }
}
}
5. 创建数据层
数据层添加引用:
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj package Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj package Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational
在这里我们使用的是PostgreSQL数据库,所以引用了Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL,如果使用的是MySQL,就要引用Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.MySQL,如果使用的是sqlserver,就要引用Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.SQLServer。
加入UserCenterDbContext类:
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Volo.Abp.Data;
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore
{
[ConnectionStringName("Default")]
public class UserCenterDbContext : AbpDbContext<UserCenterDbContext>
{
public DbSet<UserData> UserData { get; set; }
public UserCenterDbContext(DbContextOptions<UserCenterDbContext> options)
: base(options)
{
}
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
{
base.OnModelCreating(builder);
}
}
}
加入UserCenterDbContextFactory类:
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore
{
public class UserCenterDbContextFactory: IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<UserCenterDbContext>
{
public UserCenterDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
{
var configuration = BuildConfiguration();
var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<UserCenterDbContext>()
.UseNpgsql(configuration.GetConnectionString("Default"));
return new UserCenterDbContext(builder.Options);
}
private static IConfigurationRoot BuildConfiguration()
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false);
return builder.Build();
}
}
}
加入appsettings.json配置,用于生成数据迁移代码:
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"Default": "server=127.0.0.1;port=5432;Database=abp-samples-user-center;uid=postgres;pwd=123456"
}
}
创建数据层模块类:
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSql;
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore
{
[DependsOn(typeof(UserCenterDomainModule),
typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreModule),
typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCorePostgreSqlModule))]
public class UserCenterentityFrameworkCoreModule : AbpModule
{
public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
{
context.Services.AddAbpDbContext<UserCenterDbContext>(options => {
options.AddDefaultRepositories(includeAllEntities: true);
});
Configure<AbpDbContextOptions>(options =>
{
options.Configure(ctx =>
{
if (ctx.ExistingConnection != null)
{
ctx.DbContextOptions.UseNpgsql(ctx.ExistingConnection);
}
else
{
ctx.DbContextOptions.UseNpgsql(ctx.ConnectionString);
}
});
});
#region 自动迁移数据库
context.Services.BuildServiceProvider().GetService<UserCenterDbContext>().Database.Migrate();
#endregion 自动迁移数据库
}
}
}
生成数据迁移代码:
dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate --project Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj
在数据层下生成一个Migrations文件夹,里面的代码就是数据迁移代码,执行以下命令即可在数据库中自动生成数据库表:
dotnet ef database update --project Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore/Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj
6. 在应用层实现具体业务逻辑
应用层添加Volo.Abp.Identity.Application应用:
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.Application/Lemon.UserCenter.Application.csproj package Volo.Abp.Identity.Application
创建应用层模块类:
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
using Volo.Abp.Identity;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.Application
{
[DependsOn(typeof(AbpIdentityApplicationModule))]
public class UserCenterApplicationModule : AbpModule
{
}
}
创建用户接口:
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.Application
{
public interface IUserService
{
Task<UserData> Create(UserData data);
}
}
实现用户服务:
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
using Volo.Abp.Application.Services;
using Volo.Abp.Domain.Repositories;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.Application
{
public class UserService : ApplicationService, IUserService
{
private readonly IRepository<UserData, Guid> _repository;
public UserService(IRepository<UserData, Guid> repository)
{
this._repository = repository;
}
public async Task<UserData> Create(UserData data)
{
return await _repository.InsertAsync(data);
}
}
}
7. 在api层实现webapi控制器
api层添加Volo.Abp.Identity.HttpApi引用:
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.csproj package Volo.Abp.Identity.HttpApi
创建模块类:
using Lemon.UserCenter.Application;
using Volo.Abp.Identity;
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi
{
[DependsOn(typeof(AbpIdentityHttpApiModule),
typeof(UserCenterApplicationModule))]
public class UserCenterHttpApiModule : AbpModule
{
}
}
创建controller:
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Lemon.UserCenter.Application;
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Controllers
{
[Route("api/user")]
public class UserController : AbpController
{
private readonly IUserService _userService;
public UserController(IUserService userService)
{
this._userService = userService;
}
[HttpPost("create")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create(UserData data)
{
var result = await _userService.Create(data);
return Json(result);
}
}
}
7. 在api hosting实现项目启动项
添加Volo.Abp.Autofac引用:
dotnet add Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting/Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting.csproj package Volo.Abp.Autofac
创建模块类
using Lemon.UserCenter.Domain;
using Lemon.UserCenter.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Volo.Abp;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Volo.Abp.Autofac;
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting
{
[DependsOn(typeof(UserCenterHttpApiModule),
typeof(UserCenterDomainModule),
typeof(UserCenterentityFrameworkCoreModule),
typeof(AbpAspNetCoreMvcModule),
typeof(AbpAutofacModule))]
public class UserCenterHttpApiHostingModule: AbpModule
{
public override void OnApplicationInitialization(
ApplicationInitializationContext context)
{
var app = context.GetApplicationBuilder();
var env = context.GetEnvironment();
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRouteAndArea();
}
}
}
修改Program类,新增UseAutofac:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
}
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
{
webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
}).UseAutofac();
}
}
修改Startup类:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting
{
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddApplication<UserCenterHttpApiHostingModule>();
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.InitializeApplication();
}
}
}
8. 运行服务
cd Lemon.UserCenter.HttpApi.Hosting
dotnet watch run
9. 最后我们用postman来测试api接口服务是否可以正常使用。
操作如下图:
数据库结果如下:
总结
以上就是接口服务的构建过程,主要参考了ABP CLI生成的项目结构,但是又有所不同。整个分层架构还可以继续优化,这个就见仁见智吧。后续还会继续分享ABP的相关知识,例如identity server 4、缓存、微服务等。