GUI编程

GUI编程

1.简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT

1，因为界面不美观

2.需要jre环境

为什么要学习

1，可以写出自己的一些小工具

2.工作的时候，可能需要维护到swing界面

3.了解MVC架构，了解监听

2.AWT

抽象的窗口工具

1.包含很多的类和接口

2.元素：窗口，文本框，按钮

3.java.awt

1.第一个Frame窗口界面

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
​
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面窗口");
        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //需要设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.red);
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200, 200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止java程序

回顾封装

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
​
public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.black);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
    }
}
​
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id =0;//可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
​
    }
​
}

2.面板Panel

解决了窗口关闭事件

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
​
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独使用
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(200,200,300,300);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(62, 215, 215));
​
        //Panel设置坐标
        panel.setBounds(100,100,150,150);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(217, 41, 41));
​
        //frame.add()
        frame.add(panel);
​
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口关闭需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
​
}

3.布局管理器

1.流式布局

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
​
public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button button01 = new Button("button01");
        Button button02 = new Button("button02");
        Button button03 = new Button("button03");
​
        //设置为流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setSize(200,200);
​
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button01);
        frame.add(button02);
        frame.add(button03);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.东南西北中

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
​
public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");
​
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
​
        frame.setSize(300,300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

3.表格布局

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
​
public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
​
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
​
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
​
        frame.pack();//java函数 自动布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

练习

package lession;
​
import java.awt.*;
​
public class EXdemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBackground(Color.red);
        //4个面板
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
​
        //添加按钮
        panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("btn-1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("btn-2"));
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
​
        panel3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
​
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
​
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);
    }
}

4.事件监听

package lession02;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
​
public class TestActionEvent {
    //按下按钮，触发事件
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
​
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

多个按钮，共享一个监听事件

package lession02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionEvent2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现一个监听
        //开始 停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");


        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand()获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮点击：msg"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

5输入框 TextField监听

package lession02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener01 myActionListener01 = new MyActionListener01();
        //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener01);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('a');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field= (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");
    }
}

6.简易计算器，组合+内部类

简易计算器

初级代码

package lession02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());//将string转换为int类型，得到这个数
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());//将string转换为int类型，得到这个数

        //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象

package lession02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
            //3个文本框
            num1 = new TextField(10);
            num2 = new TextField(10);
            num3 = new TextField(20);
            //1个按钮
            Button button = new Button("=");//1个标签
            Label label = new Label("+");
            //监听
            button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
            //布局
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            add(num1);
            add(label);
            add(num2);
            add(button);
            add(num3);
            pack();
            setVisible(true);
    }

}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取计算器对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
    Calculator calculator =null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator =calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类

更好的封装

package lession02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
            //3个文本框
            num1 = new TextField(10);
            num2 = new TextField(10);
            num3 = new TextField(20);
            //1个按钮
            Button button = new Button("=");//1个标签
            Label label = new Label("+");
            //监听
            button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
            //布局
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            add(num1);
            add(label);
            add(num2);
            add(button);
            add(num3);
            pack();
            setVisible(true);
    }
    //内部类最大的好处就是可以无障碍的访问外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //3.清除前两个框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

7 窗口监听

package lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public  WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.red);
        setBounds(100,100,200,300);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
    }
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//通过按钮隐藏窗口
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

8.键盘事件

package lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
 class KeyFrame extends Frame{
     public KeyFrame(){
         setBounds(1,2,300,400);
         setVisible(true);
         this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
             //键盘按下
             @Override
             public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                 //获得键盘下的键是哪一个
                 int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                 System.out.println(keyCode);
                 if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                     System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                 }
             }
         });
     }
 }

3.Swing

3.1窗口，面板

package lesson03;


import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    //初始化init
    public  void init(){
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎");
        frame.add(label);
        frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow);
        //文本居中
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

3.2 JDialog弹窗

package lesson03;


import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击");
        button.setBounds(30,50,200,50);
        //点击按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDigLog01();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}


//弹窗
class MyDigLog01 extends JDialog{
    public MyDigLog01() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,200,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        container.add(new Label("你好"));
    }
}

3.3标签

label

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标，需要实现类
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public IconDemo(){}//无参构造

    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height= height;
    }
    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("iconTest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {

    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("01.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JpanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JpanelDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数表示两个间距
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        container.add(panel1);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JpanelDemo();
    }
}

3.5按钮

单选框

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        //将图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo02.class.getResource("01.png");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");

        //由于单选框只能选一个，分组
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选框

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        //将图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo02.class.getResource("01.png");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkBox2");

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6列表

下拉框

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboxDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestComboxDemo01(){
        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();

        comboBox.addItem("正在上演");
        comboBox.addItem("已下架");
        comboBox.addItem("即将上映");
        comboBox.addItem(null);

        container.add(comboBox);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboxDemo01();
    }
}

3.7 文本框

文本框

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestDemo01()  {

        Container container =this.getContentPane();

        JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       new TestDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestDemo02()  {

        Container container =this.getContentPane();

        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestDemo02();
    }
}

文本域

package lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //  文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习");
        //Scroll
        JScrollPane ScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        container.add(ScrollPane);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}