黄聪：利用 Visual C# .NET 使 Word 自动新建文档

本文分步介绍如何利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能在 Word 中创建新文档。

代码示例

• 插入包含文本和格式的段落。
• 浏览和修改文档中的不同范围。
• 插入表格、设置表格格式并在表格中填充数据。
• 添加图表。

要利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能创建新的 Word 文档，请执行以下步骤：

1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。在文件菜单上，单击新建，然后单击项目。在项目类型下，单击 Visual C# 项目，然后单击模板下的 Windows 应用程序。默认情况下会创建 Form1。
2. 添加对 Microsoft Word 对象库的引用。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：
   1. 在项目菜单上，单击添加引用。
   2. 在 COM 选项卡上，找到 Microsoft Word 对象库，然后单击选择。
   3. 在添加引用对话框中单击确定，接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装，请单击是。
3. 在视图菜单上，选择工具箱以显示工具箱，然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
4. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
5. 在代码窗口中，将以下代码

   private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { }
   

   替换为：

   private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { object oMissing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object oEndOfDoc = "\\endofdoc";  //Start Word and create a new document. Word._Application oWord; Word._Document oDoc; oWord = new Word.Application(); oWord.Visible = true; oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); //Insert a paragraph at the beginning of the document. Word.Paragraph oPara1; oPara1 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oMissing); oPara1.Range.Text = "Heading 1"; oPara1.Range.Font.Bold = 1; oPara1.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; //24 pt spacing after paragraph. oPara1.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a paragraph at the end of the document. Word.Paragraph oPara2; object oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara2 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara2.Range.Text = "Heading 2"; oPara2.Format.SpaceAfter = 6; oPara2.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert another paragraph. Word.Paragraph oPara3; oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara3 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara3.Range.Text = "This is a sentence of normal text. Now here is a table:"; oPara3.Range.Font.Bold = 0; oPara3.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; oPara3.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a 3 x 5 table, fill it with data, and make the first row //bold and italic. Word.Table oTable; Word.Range wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 3, 5, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; int r, c; string strText; for(r = 1; r <= 3; r++) for(c = 1; c <= 5; c++) { strText = "r" + r + "c" + c; oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText; } oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Bold = 1; oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Italic = 1; //Add some text after the table. Word.Paragraph oPara4; oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara4 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphBefore(); oPara4.Range.Text = "And here's another table:"; oPara4.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a 5 x 2 table, fill it with data, and change the column widths. wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 5, 2, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; for(r = 1; r <= 5; r++) for(c = 1; c <= 2; c++) { strText = "r" + r + "c" + c; oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText; } oTable.Columns[1].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(2); //Change width of columns 1 & 2 oTable.Columns[2].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(3); //Keep inserting text. When you get to 7 inches from top of the //document, insert a hard page break. object oPos; double dPos = oWord.InchesToPoints(7); oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); do { wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; wrdRng.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; wrdRng.InsertAfter("A line of text"); wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); oPos = wrdRng.get_Information (Word.WdInformation.wdVerticalPositionRelativeToPage); } while(dPos >= Convert.ToDouble(oPos)); object oCollapseEnd = Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd; object oPageBreak = Word.WdBreakType.wdPageBreak; wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd); wrdRng.InsertBreak(ref oPageBreak); wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd); wrdRng.InsertAfter("We're now on page 2. Here's my chart:"); wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a chart. Word.InlineShape oShape; object oClassType = "MSGraph.Chart.8"; wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oShape = wrdRng.InlineShapes.AddOLEObject(ref oClassType, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); //Demonstrate use of late bound oChart and oChartApp objects to //manipulate the chart object with MSGraph. object oChart; object oChartApp; oChart = oShape.OLEFormat.Object; oChartApp = oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("Application", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, oChart, null); //Change the chart type to Line. object[] Parameters = new Object[1]; Parameters[0] = 4; //xlLine = 4 oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("ChartType", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, oChart, Parameters); //Update the chart image and quit MSGraph. oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Update", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null); oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Quit", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null); //... If desired, you can proceed from here using the Microsoft Graph //Object model on the oChart and oChartApp objects to make additional //changes to the chart. //Set the width of the chart. oShape.Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(6.25f); oShape.Height = oWord.InchesToPoints(3.57f); //Add text after the chart. wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); wrdRng.InsertAfter("THE END."); //Close this form. this.Close(); }
   

6. 滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using指令列表的末尾：

   using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word; using System.Reflection;
   

7. 按 F5 键生成并运行程序。
8. 单击 Button1，启动 Word 自动化功能并创建文档。

代码执行完成后，检查为您创建的文档。该文档包含两页设置了格式的段落、表格和图表。

使用模板

• 您可以对整个文档中的对象的格式设置和布局施加更多控制。
• 可以使用较少的代码创建文档。

通过使用模板，可以精确地调整表格、段落和其他对象在文档中的布局，并可为这些对象添加格式设置。通过使用自动化功能，可以基于包含下面这样的代码的模板创建新文档：

object oTemplate = "c:\\MyTemplate.dot"; oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oTemplate, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);

在模板中，可以定义书签，这样，自动化客户端就可以在文档的特定位置加入可变文本，如下所示：

object oBookMark = "MyBookmark"; oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.Text = "Some Text Here";

使用模板的另一个优点在于，您可以创建和存储希望在运行时应用的格式样式，如下所示：

object oStyleName = "MyStyle"; oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.set_Style(ref oStyleName);

- 或者 -

object oStyleName = "MyStyle"; oWord.Selection.set_Style(ref oStyleName);