基于Django的博客系统
1.项目需求
- 基于ajax和用户认证组件实现登录验证
- 基于ajax和form组件实现注册功能
- 系统首页文章列表的渲染
- 个人站点页面设计
- 文章详细页的继承
- 点赞与踩灭
- 评论功能
- 富文本编辑器的使用
- 防止xss攻击
2.项目详情
2.1 数据库设计
核心代码：
1.继承AbstractUser
2.中介模型
3.联合唯一
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
"""
用户信息
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="avatars/default.png")
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Blog(models.Model):
"""
博客信息
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
site_name = models.CharField(verbose_name='站点名称', max_length=64)
theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Category(models.Model):
"""
博主个人文章分类表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Tag(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Article(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
content = models.TextField()
comment_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
up_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
down_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(
to="Tag",
through='Article2Tag',
through_fields=('article', 'tag'),
)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Article2Tag(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
unique_together = [
('article', 'tag'),
]
def __str__(self):
v = self.article.title + "---" + self.tag.title
return v
class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
"""
点赞表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)
class Meta:
unique_together = [
('article', 'user'),
]
class Comment(models.Model):
"""
评论表
"""
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
parent_comment = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.content
2.2 站点管理
核心代码：
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from blog import models
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
admin.site.register(models.Article)
admin.site.register(models.Article2Tag)
admin.site.register(models.ArticleUpDown)
admin.site.register(models.Blog)
admin.site.register(models.Category)
admin.site.register(models.Comment)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)
2.3 注册
核心代码：
1.form组件
1.form组件
class RegForm(forms.Form):pass
局部钩子 全局钩子
2.上传头像 avatar
图像预览
var reader = new FileReader();
上传文件
formdata = new FormData();
3.用户文件配置
avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default='avatars/default.png')
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'blog', 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$',serve,{'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
2.4 登录
核心代码：
1.验证码
随机生成5个字符，0-9 a-z A-Z
pip install pillow
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
image = Image.new()
在内存中生成图片直接返回
from io import BytesIO
f = BytesIO()
2.request.session['valid_str'] = valid_str
存在session中，为了之后登录，验证是否通过
3.验证码点击刷新：
$('#valid_img').click(function () {
$(this)[0].src += '?'
});
4.认证组件
valid_str = request.session.get('valid_str')
if valid_str.upper() == valid_code.upper():
user = auth.authenticate(username = user, password = pwd)
if user:
auth.login(request, user)
2.5 网站首页
核心代码：
1.bootstrap搭建页面
2.导航条
登录： username / 注销
未登录： 登录 / 注册
3.for循环
{% for article in article_list %}
{% endfor %}
网页底部分页器：
2.6 个人站点
1.文章列表，分类列表，标签列表，日期归档列表
文章列表： /blog/egon/
分类列表： /blog/egon/cate/python
标签列表： /blog/egon/tag/生活
日期归档列表： /blog/egon/archive/2018-06
2.模板继承
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
{% endblock content%}}
3.自定义标签
/blog/templatetags/my_tag.py
@register.inclusion_tag('menu.html')
def get_menu(username):
...
return {} # 去渲染 menu.html
4.分组查询 .annotate() / extra()应用
多表分组
tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(
count = Count('article')).values_list('title', 'count')
单表分组 / DATE_FORMAT() / extra()
date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(
select={"create_ym": "DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%%Y-%%m')"}).values('create_ym').annotate(
c = Count('nid')).values_list('create_ym', 'c')
5. 时间、区域配置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False
2.7 文章详情
核心代码：
1.模板继承
article = Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).first()
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
...
{{ article.articledetail.content|safe }}
{% endblock content %}
2.8 后台管理
核心代码：
1.支持文章编辑
2.支持富文本编辑器（支持渲染已有文章）
3.支持删除文章
4.防止Xss攻击（基于BS4）
# 防止xss攻击,过滤script标签
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
for tag in soup.find_all():
if tag.name == "script":
tag.decompose()
2.9 批量建立测试数据
核心代码：
1.定制建立测试数据
2.初始化得到100条用户信息，以及为100个客户分别添加文章、博客的详细信息
def supreme(request):
"""
这是数据初始化视图，将会生成99条测试数据，用户名为管理员输入的字符后，加1_99.
密码为管理员填入的密码
:param request:
:return:
"""
tag_title = ['BASIC', 'C',
'C++', 'PASCAL', 'FORTRAN', 'LISP', 'Prolog', 'CLIPS', 'OpenCyc', 'Fazzy', 'Python', 'PHP', 'Ruby',
'Lua']
category_titles = ['非技术区',
'软件测试',
'代码与软件发布',
'计算机图形学',
'游戏开发',
'程序人生',
'求职面试',
'读书区',
'转载区',
'Windows',
'翻译区',
'开源研究',
'Flex']
userlist = []
bolglist = []
article_list = []
tag_list = []
cat_list = []
article2tag_list = []
if request.is_ajax():
form = UserForm(request.POST)
response = {'user': None, 'msg': None}
if form.is_valid():
response['user'] = form.cleaned_data.get('user')
# 生成一条用户记录
user = form.cleaned_data.get('user')
pwd = form.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')
avatar_obj = request.FILES.get('avatar')
extra = {}
if avatar_obj:
extra['avatar'] = avatar_obj
with transaction.atomic():
for i in range(1, 100):
Blog.objects.create(title='blog%s' % i)
UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=user + str(i), password=pwd, email=email, **extra)
UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user + str(i)).update(blog_id=i)
for title in tag_title:
tag_list.append(Tag(title=title, blog_id=i))
for cat in category_titles:
cat_list.append(Category(title=cat, blog_id=i))
import random
for c in range(1, 7):
with open('/home/hyc/PycharmProjects/cnblog/static/superme/%s.txt' % c, 'r',
encoding='utf-8') as f:
content = f.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
for tag in soup.find_all():
if tag.name == "script":
tag.decompose()
desc = soup.text[0:150] + "..."
c_id = 13 * (i - 1) + random.randrange(1, 9)
article_list.append(
Article(desc=desc, title='article%s' % c, content=content, user_id=i, category_id=c_id))
Category.objects.bulk_create(cat_list)
Tag.objects.bulk_create(tag_list)
Article.objects.bulk_create(article_list)
else:
response['msg'] = form.errors
return JsonResponse(response)
my_from = UserForm
return render(request, 'supreme.html', {'from': my_from})
