Spring配置多个数据源
现在大型的电子商务系统,在数据库层面大都采用读写分离技术,就是一个Master数据库,多个Slave数据库。Master库负责数据更新和实时数据查询,Slave库当然负责非实时数据查询。因为在实际的应用中,数据库都是读多写少(读取数据的频率高,更新数据的频率相对较少),而读取数据通常耗时比较长,占用数据库服务器的CPU较多,从而影响用户体验。我们通常的做法就是把查询从主库中抽取出来,采用多个从库,使用负载均衡,减轻每个从库的查询压力。
采用读写分离技术的目标:有效减轻Master库的压力,又可以把用户查询数据的请求分发到不同的Slave库,从而保证系统的健壮性。我们看下采用读写分离的背景。
随着网站的业务不断扩展,数据不断增加,用户越来越多,数据库的压力也就越来越大,采用传统的方式,比如:数据库或者SQL的优化基本已达不到要求,这个时候可以采用读写分离的策 略来改变现状。
具体到开发中,如何方便的实现读写分离呢?目前常用的有两种方式:
1 第一种方式是我们最常用的方式,就是定义2个数据库连接,一个是MasterDataSource,另一个是SlaveDataSource。更新数据时我们读取MasterDataSource,查询数据时我们读取SlaveDataSource。这种方式很简单,我就不赘述了。
2 第二种方式动态数据源切换,就是在程序运行时,把数据源动态织入到程序中,从而选择读取主库还是从库。主要使用的技术是:annotation,Spring AOP ,反射。下面会详细的介绍实现方式。
在介绍实现方式之前,我们先准备一些必要的知识,spring 的AbstractRoutingDataSource 类
AbstractRoutingDataSource这个类 是spring2.0以后增加的,我们先来看下AbstractRoutingDataSource的定义:
- public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {}
- public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {
- private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources;
- private Object defaultTargetDataSource;
- private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
- private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
- private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;
AbstractRoutingDataSource继承了AbstractDataSource ,而AbstractDataSource 又是DataSource 的子类。
DataSource 是javax.sql 的数据源接口,定义如下:
- public interface DataSource extends CommonDataSource,Wrapper {
- Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;
- Connection getConnection(String username, String password)
- throws SQLException;
- }
DataSource 接口定义了2个方法,都是获取数据库连接。我们在看下AbstractRoutingDataSource 如何实现了DataSource接口:
- public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
- return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
- }
- public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
- return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
- }
很显然就是调用自己的determineTargetDataSource() 方法获取到connection。determineTargetDataSource方法定义如下:
- protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
- Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
- Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
- DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
- if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
- dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
- }
- if (dataSource == null) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
- }
- return dataSource;
- }
我们最关心的还是下面2句话:
Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
determineCurrentLookupKey方法返回lookupKey,resolvedDataSources方法就是根据lookupKey从Map中获得数据源。resolvedDataSources 和determineCurrentLookupKey定义如下:
private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey()
看到以上定义,我们是不是有点思路了,resolvedDataSources是Map类型,我们可以把MasterDataSource和SlaveDataSource存到Map中,如下:
key value
master MasterDataSource
slave SlaveDataSource
我们在写一个类DynamicDataSource 继承AbstractRoutingDataSource,实现其determineCurrentLookupKey() 方法,该方法返回Map的key,master或slave。
好了,说了这么多,有点烦了,下面我们看下怎么实现。
上面已经提到了我们要使用的技术,我们先看下annotation的定义:
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
- public @interface DataSource {
- String value();
- }
我们还需要实现spring的抽象类AbstractRoutingDataSource,就是实现determineCurrentLookupKey方法:
- public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
- @Override
- protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce();
- }
- }
- public class DynamicDataSourceHolder {
- public static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
- public static void putDataSource(String name) {
- holder.set(name);
- }
- public static String getDataSouce() {
- return holder.get();
- }
- }
从DynamicDataSource 的定义看出,他返回的是DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce()值,我们需要在程序运行时调用DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource()方法,对其赋值。下面是我们实现的核心部分,也就是AOP部分,DataSourceAspect定义如下:
- public class DataSourceAspect {
- public void before(JoinPoint point)
- {
- Object target = point.getTarget();
- String method = point.getSignature().getName();
- Class<?>[] classz = target.getClass().getInterfaces();
- Class<?>[] parameterTypes = ((MethodSignature) point.getSignature())
- .getMethod().getParameterTypes();
- try {
- Method m = classz[0].getMethod(method, parameterTypes);
- if (m != null && m.isAnnotationPresent(DataSource.class)) {
- DataSource data = m
- .getAnnotation(DataSource.class);
- DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(data.value());
- System.out.println(data.value());
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO: handle exception
- }
- }
- }
为了方便测试,我定义了2个数据库,shop模拟Master库,test模拟Slave库,shop和test的表结构一致,但数据不同,数据库配置如下:
- <bean id="masterdataSource"
- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
- <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop" />
- <property name="username" value="root" />
- <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="slavedataSource"
- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
- <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test" />
- <property name="username" value="root" />
- <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
- </bean>
- <beans:bean id="dataSource" class="com.air.shop.common.db.DynamicDataSource">
- <property name="targetDataSources">
- <map key-type="java.lang.String">
- <!-- write -->
- <entry key="master" value-ref="masterdataSource"/>
- <!-- read -->
- <entry key="slave" value-ref="slavedataSource"/>
- </map>
- </property>
- <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="masterdataSource"/>
- </beans:bean>
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactoryBean -->
- <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/mybatis-config.xml" />
- </bean>
在spring的配置中增加aop配置
- <!-- 配置数据库注解aop -->
- <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
- <beans:bean id="manyDataSourceAspect" class="com.air.shop.proxy.DataSourceAspect" />
- <aop:config>
- <aop:aspect id="c" ref="manyDataSourceAspect">
- <aop:pointcut id="tx" expression="execution(* com.air.shop.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
- <aop:before pointcut-ref="tx" method="before"/>
- </aop:aspect>
- </aop:config>
- <!-- 配置数据库注解aop -->
下面是MyBatis的UserMapper的定义,为了方便测试,登录读取的是Master库,用户列表读取Slave库:
- public interface UserMapper {
- @DataSource("master")
- public void add(User user);
- @DataSource("master")
- public void update(User user);
- @DataSource("master")
- public void delete(int id);
- @DataSource("slave")
- public User loadbyid(int id);
- @DataSource("master")
- public User loadbyname(String name);
- @DataSource("slave")
- public List<User> list();
- }
好了,运行我们的Eclipse看看效果,输入用户名admin 登录看看效果
从图中可以看出,登录的用户和用户列表的数据是不同的,也验证了我们的实现,登录读取Master库,用户列表读取Slave库。
例子来源:
http://www.cnblogs.com/surge/p/3582248.html
二、配置动态数据源
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
- <property name="jndiName">
- <value>java:/datasources/visesbdb</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- config dynamicDataSource -->
- <bean id="dynamicDataSource" class="com.vispractice.soa.lightesb.common.datasource.MutiDataSourceBean">
- <property name="targetDataSources">
- <map key-type="java.lang.String">
- <entry value-ref="dataSource" key="dataSource"></entry>
- </map>
- </property>
- <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"/>
- <!-- Hibernate SessionFactory -->
- <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dynamicDataSource"/>
- <property name="packagesToScan">
- <list>
- <value>com.vispractice.soa.lightesb.bean</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="hibernateProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="connection.useUnicode">true</prop>
- <prop key="connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- Transaction manager for a single Hibernate SessionFactory (alternative to JTA) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
- </bean>
- /**
- * 在applicationContext中配置本地数据源作为默认数据源
- * 读取project-datasource-jndi.properties中的jndi名称获取其他节点的数据源
- * 该文件放在D:\jboss-5.1.0.GA\server\default\conf\props 目录下
- *
- */
- public class MutiDataSourceBean extends AbstractRoutingDataSource implements ApplicationContextAware {
- private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MutiDataSourceBean.class);
- private static ApplicationContext ctx;
- private Map<Object,Object> tds = new HashMap<Object,Object>();
- @Override
- public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
- throws BeansException {
- ctx = applicationContext;
- }
- @Override
- protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
- return DataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceType();
- }
- //重写InitializingBean类中方法
- @Override
- public void afterPropertiesSet() {
- logger.info("Init MutiDataSource start...");
- try {
- initailizeMutiDataSource();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error("Init MutiDataSource error...", e);
- }
- logger.info("Init MutiDataSource end...");
- super.afterPropertiesSet();
- }
- /**
- * 读取配置文件中的jndi名称,获取数据源
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private void initailizeMutiDataSource() throws Exception {
- // 读取数据源配置文件
- ResourceBundle lw = ResourceBundle.getBundle("props.project-datasource-jndi");
- // 初始化jndi context
- Context jndiCtx = new InitialContext();
- DefaultListableBeanFactory dlbf = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) ctx.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
- // 获取配置的数据源
- for(String key : lw.keySet()){
- Object ds = jndiCtx.lookup(lw.getString(key));
- // 将数据源交给spring管理
- dlbf.registerSingleton(key, ds);
- tds.put(key, ds);
- }
- super.setTargetDataSources(tds);
- }
- @Override
- public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {
- tds = targetDataSources;
- super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
- }
- }
- /**
- * 通过ThreadLocal来存储当前所使用数据源对应的key
- *
- */
- public class DataSourceContextHolder {
- private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
- public static void setDataSourceType(String dataSourceType) {
- contextHolder.set(dataSourceType);
- }
- public static String getDataSourceType() {
- return contextHolder.get();
- }
- public static void clearDataSourceType() {
- contextHolder.remove();
- }
- }
查询前设置值:
- MutiDataSourceUtil.determineTargetDataSourceByInstanceUUID(EsbServiceInstanceV.getInstanceUUID());
- Map<String,Object> result = esbServiceMonitorDao.findEsbServiceInstanceVPagedList(pageQueryParameter, EsbServiceInstanceV);
- // reset datasource
- DataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceType();
- public class MutiDataSourceUtil {
- /**
- * 通过实例UUID切换到对应的数据源
- *
- * @param instanceUUID
- */
- public static void determineTargetDataSourceByInstanceUUID(String instanceUUID) {
- if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(instanceUUID) && StringUtils.contains(instanceUUID, '-')){
- DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceType(StringUtils.substringBefore(instanceUUID, "-"));
- }
- }
- }
lightesb-datasource-jndi.properties:
- N1=java:/datasources/visesbdb
- N2=java:/datasources/n2visesbdb
实例号如:
N1-AB2DFE3C48BA43D699529868B20152CC