jdk1.8 ThreadPoolExecutor实现机制分析

ThreadPoolExecutor几个重要的状态码字段

private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

// runState is stored in the high-order bits
/*
* RUNNING:可以接受新的任务，也可以处理阻塞队列里的任务
* SHUTDOWN:不接受新的任务，但是可以处理阻塞队列里的任务
* STOP:不接受新的任务，不处理阻塞队列里的任务，中断正在处理的任务
* TIDYING:过渡状态，也就是说所有的任务都执行完了，当前线程池已经没有有效的线程，这个时候线程池的状态将会TIDYING，并且将要调用terminated方法
* TERMINATED:终止状态。terminated方法调用完成以后的状态
* */
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;

那么一般的正常线程池的状态是：RUNNING-> SHUTDOWN-> STOP-> TIDYING-> TERMINATED
下面我就把这些状态码用控制台跑了下，以下是我的java程序，就是把上面的几个变量执行一遍：

private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
    private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
    private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;

    // Packing and unpacking ctl
    private static int runStateOf(int c) {
        return c & ~CAPACITY;
    }

    private static int workerCountOf(int c) {
        return c & CAPACITY;
    }

    private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) {
        return rs | wc;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(COUNT_BITS);//29位
        /*
        *下面操作很多都是根据这个29位来移动的，因为普通整数是四个字节32位，RUNNING是前三位是1后29位是0（11100000000000000000000000000000）
        * 而容量CAPACITY恰好和RUNNING相反前3位是0后29位是1所以他们求与刚好是0，故第一次调用workerCountOf的时候得到的线程数是0
        * 而状态是CAPACITY求非再与RUNNING求与，这个得到的是11100000000000000000000000000000
        * */
        System.out.println("CAPACITY_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(CAPACITY));
        System.out.println("CAPACITY_十进制值:" + CAPACITY);
        System.out.println("RUNNING_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(RUNNING));
        System.out.println("RUNNING_十进制值:" + RUNNING);
        System.out.println("SHUTDOWN_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(SHUTDOWN));
        System.out.println("SHUTDOWN_十进制值:" + SHUTDOWN);
        System.out.println("STOP_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(STOP));
        System.out.println("STOP_十进制值:" + STOP);
        System.out.println("TIDYING_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(TIDYING));
        System.out.println("TIDYING_十进制值:" + TIDYING);
        System.out.println("TERMINATED_二进制:" + Integer.toBinaryString(TERMINATED));
        System.out.println("TERMINATED_十进制值:" + TERMINATED);

        AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
        System.out.println("c:" + Integer.toBinaryString(ctl.get()));
        System.out.println("runStateOf:" + Integer.toBinaryString(runStateOf(ctl.get())));
        System.out.println("workerCountOf_正在执行的线程数:" + Integer.toBinaryString(workerCountOf(ctl.get())));

        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && !(rs == SHUTDOWN)) {
            System.out.println("--------");
        }

        //下面对c进行加1，来判断正在执行的线程数
        ctl.compareAndSet(c, c + 1);
        c = ctl.get();
        System.out.println("c2:" + Integer.toBinaryString(c));
        System.out.println("runStateOf2:" + Integer.toBinaryString(runStateOf(c)));
        System.out.println("workerCountOf2_正在执行的线程数:" + Integer.toBinaryString(workerCountOf(c)));
    }

下面是执行的结果：

29
CAPACITY_二进制:11111111111111111111111111111
CAPACITY_十进制值:536870911
RUNNING_二进制:11100000000000000000000000000000
RUNNING_十进制值:-536870912
SHUTDOWN_二进制:0
SHUTDOWN_十进制值:0
STOP_二进制:100000000000000000000000000000
STOP_十进制值:536870912
TIDYING_二进制:1000000000000000000000000000000
TIDYING_十进制值:1073741824
TERMINATED_二进制:1100000000000000000000000000000
TERMINATED_十进制值:1610612736
c:11100000000000000000000000000000
runStateOf:11100000000000000000000000000000
workerCountOf:0
c2:11100000000000000000000000000001
runStateOf2:11100000000000000000000000000000
workerCountOf2:1

其他几个比较重要的字段说明：
1、corePoolSize（来自构造函数的初始化），我觉得一般不要去设置，因为你可能根本就不知道多少cpu并行。
2、maximumPoolSize默认的最大的线程数，初始化是32位整数的最大值Integer.MAX_VALUE
3、Worker这是一个类对象，但是它继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer，一般的继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer是用来实现同步操作的，但是想了下Worker是线程安全的，且放在HashSet集合中，不会重复不必要用同步锁吧，锁的操作主要体现在runWorker，在执行worker的线程的时候会给自己加上同步锁，但是这样做有什么好处呢？这样后面回收worker的时候可能会用到，具体体现在interruptIdleWorkers。另外Worker还继承了Runnable接口，所以Worker应该只接受继承Runnable接口的对象。
4、其他的以后想到再补吧。

**代码执行顺序依次分析**

execute这个方法做为ThreadPoolExecutor的入口方法，这个重要的方法。先看代码，jdk的源代码的注释已经说得很清楚了：

public void execute(Runnable command) {
    if (command == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    /*
     * Proceed in 3 steps:
     *
     * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
     * start a new thread with the given command as its first
     * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
     * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
     * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
     *
     * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
     * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
     * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
     * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
     * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
     * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
     *
     * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
     * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
     * and so reject the task.
     */
    int c = ctl.get();
    if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
        if (addWorker(command, true))
            return;
        c = ctl.get();
    }
    if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
        int recheck = ctl.get();
        if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
            reject(command);
        else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
            addWorker(null, false);
    }
    else if (!addWorker(command, false))
        reject(command);
}

从代码来看是分三个步骤来做，判断是否取corePollSize，如果不是或者已经满了就跳到第二步。第二步先判断是否线程池还是Running状态，如果是的话把等待要创建的线程的command加入到阻塞队列BlockingQueue，这是一个接口，实现方法在SynchronousQueue，SynchronousQueue：一个不存储元素的阻塞队列。每个插入操作必须等到另一个线程调用移除操作，否则插入操作一直处于阻塞状态，吞吐量通常要高于LinkedBlockingQueue，静态工厂方法Executors.newCachedThreadPool使用了这个队列。这个队列的实现方式不是本章讨论的内容。然后再double-check判断线程池的状态，如果不是Running状态的话就把command移除队列。如果不是就执行addWorker(null,false)，但是现在的task是null的，所以再后面runWorker会有一步判断worker这个对象的firstTask是否为空，如果为空会尝试到队列取，取的方法是getTask()。其实上面三个步骤最终都要把command添加到HashSet里面。

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
    retry:
    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
            ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
               firstTask == null &&
               ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
            return false;

        for (;;) {
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                return false;
            if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))//cas对当前的c加1直接结果是线程数加1，如果成功则跳出循环
                break retry;
            c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
            if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                continue retry;
            // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
        }
    }

    boolean workerStarted = false;
    boolean workerAdded = false;
    Worker w = null;
    try {
        w = new Worker(firstTask);
        final Thread t = w.thread;
        if (t != null) {
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;//这边用ReentrantLock来防止并发，因为HashSet的线程不安全的
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                // Recheck while holding lock.
                // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                // shut down before lock acquired.
                int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                    (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                    if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                    workers.add(w);//把Worker对象添加到worker是HashSet
                    int s = workers.size();
                    if (s > largestPoolSize)
                        largestPoolSize = s;
                    workerAdded = true;
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
            if (workerAdded) {
                t.start();//thread开始执行，执行之后是调用到runWorker方法
                workerStarted = true;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        if (! workerStarted)
            addWorkerFailed(w);
    }
    return workerStarted;
}

这个方法的名字已经说明了一切就是要添加worker对象到workers这个HashSet（ private final HashSet workers = new HashSet()）。Worker类继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer，我们知道AQS是线程的同步对象，之前我已经有研究过这个对象了，所以Worker继承了AQS这个对象之后用来保证thread的同步，因为在进入workers的线程都会进入到AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的等待队列。先看下Worker的对象关系图：

接下来看runWorker这个方法，看下ThreadpoolExecutor是怎么处理Worker对象的。runWorker的作用是把workers中的worker取出来，然后执行这个worker。

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    try {
        while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
            w.lock();
            // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
            // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
            // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
            // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
            if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                 (Thread.interrupted() &&
                  runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                !wt.isInterrupted())
                wt.interrupt();
            try {
                beforeExecute(wt, task);
                Throwable thrown = null;
                try {
                    task.run();
                } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Error x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Throwable x) {
                    thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                } finally {
                    afterExecute(task, thrown);
                }
            } finally {
                task = null;
                w.completedTasks++;
                w.unlock();
            }
        }
        completedAbruptly = false;
    } finally {
        processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    }
}

上面我们有讨论到getTask这个方法，什么时候会执行这个方法呢？其实则execute的时候的第二种情况会添加一个null的worker对象到workers中，但是这个task其实是存在的，存在BlockingQueue这个队列中。那么我们现在就要从BlockingQueue队列中取task。

private Runnable getTask() {
    boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            decrementWorkerCount();
            return null;
        }

        int wc = workerCountOf(c);

        // Are workers subject to culling?
        boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

        if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
            && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                return null;
            continue;
        }

        try {
            Runnable r = timed ?
                workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                workQueue.take();
            if (r != null)
                return r;
            timedOut = true;
        } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
            timedOut = false;
        }
    }
}

runWorker的最后会进行垃圾回收，回收已经执行完的worker。看processWorkerExit函数：

private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
    if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
        decrementWorkerCount();

    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
        workers.remove(w);
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }

    tryTerminate();

    int c = ctl.get();
    if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
        /*如果completedAbruptly=true在执行runWorker的时候异常说明这个task没有被正常执行，添加一个null的worker到wokers( addWorker(null, false))
        * 如果如果completedAbruptly=false就要判断构造null的task对象来添加到workers了，就如注释所言：
        * replaces the worker if either
        * it exited due to user task exception or if fewer than
        * corePoolSize workers are running or queue is non-empty but
        * there are no workers.
        */
        if (!completedAbruptly) {
            int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
            if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
                min = 1;
            if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                return; // replacement not needed
        }
        addWorker(null, false);
    }
}

但是processWorkerExit中还尝试了终止线程的任务tryTerminate，tryTerminate放在这边也是不错的选择因为刚执行完worker释放，可以判断线程池的状态。我们可以看到线程池的状态改变是通过CAS来执行的

final void tryTerminate() {
    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        //1、如果线程池处理Running状态就返回；
        // 2、如果线程池处理TIDYING或者TERMINATED状态说明已经STOP了直接返回。
        // 3、如果线程池处理SHUTDOWN，且阻塞队列还有值也直接返回
        if (isRunning(c) ||
            runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
            (runStateOf(c) == SHUTDOWN && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
            return;
        //到了这步说明上面三点都不满足，如果还有正在执行的线程就尝试终止（interruptIdleWorkers）
        if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) { // Eligible to terminate
            interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
            return;
        }
        //到了这步说明所有的线程都已经终止了，修改线程池的状态为TIDYING，TERMINATED
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0))) {
                try {
                    terminated();
                } finally {
                    ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
                    termination.signalAll();
                }
                return;
            }
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        // else retry on failed CAS
    }
}

以上这个方法有一个蛮重要的方法，我们刚开始的时候有提到过，那就是interruptIdleWorkers方法。这个方法会尝试回收没有正在执行的闲置的Worker对象。

  /**
     * Interrupts threads that might be waiting for tasks (as
     * indicated by not being locked) so they can check for
     * termination or configuration changes. Ignores
     * SecurityExceptions (in which case some threads may remain
     * uninterrupted).
     *
     * @param onlyOne If true, interrupt at most one worker. This is
     * called only from tryTerminate when termination is otherwise
     * enabled but there are still other workers.  In this case, at
     * most one waiting worker is interrupted to propagate shutdown
     * signals in case all threads are currently waiting.
     * Interrupting any arbitrary thread ensures that newly arriving
     * workers since shutdown began will also eventually exit.
     * To guarantee eventual termination, it suffices to always
     * interrupt only one idle worker, but shutdown() interrupts all
     * idle workers so that redundant workers exit promptly, not
     * waiting for a straggler task to finish.
     */
    private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            for (Worker w : workers) {
                Thread t = w.thread;
                if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {
                    try {
                        t.interrupt();
                    } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
                    } finally {
                        w.unlock();
                    }
                }
                if (onlyOne)
                    break;
            }
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
    }

我把注释也贴上来是因为注释写的比较清楚，这个方法主要是中断不用的Worker，判断条件是没被中断的线程且worker没有再执行（见tryLock），如果worker在执行那么state>0，这个是AQS的一个状态码。
到这里就把一些主要的方法分析完了，比较乱，有点记流水账，欢迎园友交流讨论。