Websocket-ws通信（Channels）

 

Websocket-ws通信（Channels）

-原理介绍：https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/p/6558766.html

-channels文档：https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installation.html

 

1 websocker介绍

 原理解析：

  

 

GET /chatsocket HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8002
Connection: Upgrade
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade: websocket
Origin: http://localhost:63342
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Sec-WebSocket-Key: mnwFxiOlctXFN/DeMt1Amg==
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits
...
...

#提取Sec-WebSocket-Key值并加密：
import socket
import base64
import hashlib
 
def get_headers(data):
    """
    将请求头格式化成字典
    :param data:
    :return:
    """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
 
    for i in data.split('\r\n'):
        print(i)
    header, body = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
    header_list = header.split('\r\n')
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict
 
 
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
sock.listen(5)
 
conn, address = sock.accept()
data = conn.recv(1024)
headers = get_headers(data) # 提取请求头信息
# 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
      "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
      "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
      "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \
      "WebSocket-Location: ws://%s%s\r\n\r\n"
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'), headers['Host'], headers['url'])
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding='utf-8'))
...
...

 

 

 

 2 channels（django中实现ws通信）

相关配置

 

 

 

 

即时通信原理

 

 

前端配置

 

 

3 django -channels 示例：

demo：点击获取

 

4 示例参考1：房间共同聊天

链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hqaPrPS7w3D-9SeegQAB2Q

 

5 使用 django channels

- 1安装

 pip3 install channels 

-  2使用

2.1 在setting中添加配置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'channels',
]

ASGI_APPLICATION = "django_channels_demo.routing.application"

 

2.2 创建websocket应用和路由

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.conf.urls import url
from chat import consumers


application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': URLRouter([
        url(r'^chat/$', consumers.ChatConsumer),
    ])
})

 

2.3 编写处理websocket逻辑业务

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):

    def websocket_connect(self, message):
        self.accept()

    def websocket_receive(self, message):
        print('接收到消息', message)
        self.send(text_data='收到了')

    def websocket_disconnect(self, message):
        print('客户端断开连接了')
        raise StopConsumer()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer


class SimpleChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self):
        self.accept()

    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        self.send(text_data)

        # 主动断开连接
        # self.close()

    def disconnect(self, code):
        print('客户端要断开了')

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer


CLIENTS = []

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):

    def connect(self):
        self.accept()
        CLIENTS.append(self)

    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        for item in CLIENTS:
            item.send(text_data)

        # 主动断开连接
        # self.close()

    def disconnect(self, code):
        CLIENTS.remove(self)

 

3 channel layer

基于redis的channel layer

pip3 install channels-redis

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
        "CONFIG": {
            "hosts": [('10.211.55.25', 6379)]
        },
    },
}


CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
    'CONFIG': {"hosts": ["redis://10.211.55.25:6379/1"],},
    },
}
 

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
    'CONFIG': {"hosts": [('10.211.55.25', 6379)],},},
}
 

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
        "CONFIG": {
            "hosts": ["redis://:password@10.211.55.25:6379/0"],
            "symmetric_encryption_keys": [SECRET_KEY],
        },
    },
}

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync


class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):

    def connect(self):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)('x1', self.channel_name)
        self.accept()

    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)('x1', {
            'type': 'xxx.ooo',
            'message': text_data
        })

    def xxx_ooo(self, event):
        message = event['message']
        self.send(message)

    def disconnect(self, code):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)('x1', self.channel_name)from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync


class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):

    def connect(self):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)('x1', self.channel_name)
        self.accept()

    def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)('x1', {
            'type': 'xxx.ooo',
            'message': text_data
        })

    def xxx_ooo(self, event):
        message = event['message']
        self.send(message)

    def disconnect(self, code):
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)('x1', self.channel_name)