Swift 里 Array （二）初始化

init() 函数

在 Array 里

  public init() {
    _buffer = _Buffer()
  }

以Buffer 是 _ContiguousArrayBuffer 为例。
即初始化了一个_ContiguousArrayBuffer。

在_ContiguousArrayBuffer里

  /// Create an empty buffer.
  @inlinable
  internal init() {
    _storage = _emptyArrayStorage
  }

其中 _emptyArrayStorage 是一个__EmptyArrayStorage类的实例，对于所有的空数组，返回的都是同一个地址。

/// The empty array prototype.  We use the same object for all empty
/// `[Native]Array<Element>`s.
@inlinable
internal var _emptyArrayStorage : __EmptyArrayStorage {
  return Builtin.bridgeFromRawPointer(
    Builtin.addressof(&_swiftEmptyArrayStorage))
}

_swiftEmptyArrayStorage 定义如下：

SWIFT_RUNTIME_STDLIB_API
swift::_SwiftEmptyArrayStorage swift::_swiftEmptyArrayStorage = {
  // HeapObject header;
  {
    &swift::CLASS_METADATA_SYM(s19__EmptyArrayStorage), // isa pointer
  },
  
  // _SwiftArrayBodyStorage body;
  {
    0, // int count;                                    
    1  // unsigned int _capacityAndFlags; 1 means elementTypeIsBridgedVerbatim
  }
};

init(repeatedValue, count) 方法

根据元素类型，初始化_ContiguousArrayStorage类，并在堆上空间，类的尾部分配若干内存，用于存储元素。
然后使用传入的value，从头初始化内存。

  public init(repeating repeatedValue: Element, count: Int) {
    var p: UnsafeMutablePointer<Element>
    (self, p) = Array._allocateUninitialized(count)
    for _ in 0..<count {
      p.initialize(to: repeatedValue)
      p += 1
    }
  }

  internal static func _allocateUninitialized(
    _ count: Int
  ) -> (Array, UnsafeMutablePointer<Element>) {
    let result = Array(_uninitializedCount: count)
    return (result, result._buffer.firstElementAddress)
  }

init<S: Sequence>(_ s: S) 方法

  public init<S: Sequence>(_ s: S) where S.Element == Element {
    self = Array(
      _buffer: _Buffer(
        _buffer: s._copyToContiguousArray()._buffer,
        shiftedToStartIndex: 0))
  }

把Sequence 转为ContiguousArray，然后再转为Array。

internal func _copySequenceToContiguousArray<
  S : Sequence
>(_ source: S) -> ContiguousArray<S.Element> {
  let initialCapacity = source.underestimatedCount
  var builder =
    _UnsafePartiallyInitializedContiguousArrayBuffer<S.Element>(
      initialCapacity: initialCapacity)

  var iterator = source.makeIterator()

  // FIXME(performance): use _copyContents(initializing:).

  // Add elements up to the initial capacity without checking for regrowth.
  for _ in 0..<initialCapacity {
    builder.addWithExistingCapacity(iterator.next()!)
  }

  // Add remaining elements, if any.
  while let element = iterator.next() {
    builder.add(element)
  }

  return builder.finish()
}

其中用到了Sequence 的iterator。
在遍历过程中，可能会存在内存不够，需要重新分配内存。

  /// Add an element to the buffer, reallocating if necessary.
  @inlinable
  @inline(__always) // For performance reasons.
  internal mutating func add(_ element: Element) {
    if remainingCapacity == 0 {
      // Reallocate.
      let newCapacity = max(_growArrayCapacity(result.capacity), 1)
      var newResult = _ContiguousArrayBuffer<Element>(
        _uninitializedCount: newCapacity, minimumCapacity: 0)
      p = newResult.firstElementAddress + result.capacity
      remainingCapacity = newResult.capacity - result.capacity
      if !result.isEmpty {
        // This check prevents a data race writting to _swiftEmptyArrayStorage
        // Since count is always 0 there, this code does nothing anyway
        newResult.firstElementAddress.moveInitialize(
          from: result.firstElementAddress, count: result.capacity)
        result.count = 0
      }
      (result, newResult) = (newResult, result)
    }
    addWithExistingCapacity(element)
  }

分配内存时，大小是指数级增长。

@inlinable
internal func _growArrayCapacity(_ capacity: Int) -> Int {
  return capacity * 2
}