Docker学习使用01
安装
官网地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
1.卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2.需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
3.设置镜像的仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
## 上面这个是外网的地址，可能会很慢，建议用国内的镜像
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
## 建议用下面阿里的
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
4.更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast
5.安装docker
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
6.启动docker
systemctl start docker
7.查看docker version
docker version
7.hello-world
docker run hello-world
## 没有hello-world镜像回去拉取
8.查看hello-world镜像
docker images
卸载
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
Docker 命令
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/
帮助命令
docker version
docker info
docker 命令 --help
镜像命令
查看镜像 docker images
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
#参数 -a 显示所有
#参数 -q 只显示id
搜索镜像 docker search
docker search mysql --filter=stars=5000
# 查询关键字mysql，过滤条件为Stars不区分大小写，5000以上的
下载镜像 docker pull
docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #默认标签使用
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
0ed027b72ddc: Pull complete #分层下载
0296159747f1: Pull complete
3d2f9b664bd3: Pull complete
df6519f81c26: Pull complete
36bb5e56d458: Pull complete
054e8fde88d0: Pull complete
f2b494c50c7f: Pull complete
132bc0d471b8: Pull complete
135ec7033a05: Pull complete
5961f0272472: Pull complete
75b5f7a3d3a4: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3d7ae561cf6095f6aca8eb7830e1d14734227b1fb4748092f2be2cfbccf7d614 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #实际地址
########################################################
docker pull mysql
#等价于
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
删除镜像 docker rmi -f [imagesid]
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字
-d 后台运行方式
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7e491d32442c /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
退出容器，停止运行
exit
退出容器，不停止运行
Ctrl+P+Q
列出所有容器
docker ps
docker ps -a # 列出所有容器，包括已停止的
删除容器
docker rm 容器id
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #-f为强制删除
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker kill 容器id
其他命令
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器id
查看进程信息
docker top 容器id
查看镜像元数据
docker inspect 容器id
进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
docker exec -it 7e491d32442c /bin/bash
docker attach 容器id
docker attach 7e491d32442c
拷贝容器内文件
注意，容器不运行也没有关系
docker cp 容器id:容器path
[root@7e491d32442c /]# cd home
[root@7e491d32442c home]# touch test.java
[root@7e491d32442c home]# ls
test.java
[root@7e491d32442c home]# lsread escape sequence
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker cp 7e491d32442c:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# ls
1.txt test1 tool
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# cd /home
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# ls
jdk-8u202-linux-x64.rpm temp test.java website
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]#
Commit
docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像:[Tag]
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cbc4b01db557 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 27 hours ago Up 27 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp funny_ritchie
bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 28 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp tomcat01
c6e16eb5fde2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 28 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx01
0b0c75786a4c centos "/bin/bash" 30 hours ago Up 30 hours silly_kirch
7e491d32442c centos "/bin/bash" 31 hours ago Up 30 hours elastic_torvalds
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker exec -it ^C
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker exec -it 24849d4d07c1 /bin/bash
Error: No such container: 24849d4d07c1
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker exec -it bb5e2e32b8c7 /bin/bash
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd..
bash: cd..: command not found
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ..
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
bin BUILDING.txt conf CONTRIBUTING.md lib LICENSE logs native-jni-lib NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps webapps.dist work
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
root@bb5e2e32b8c7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# exit
exit
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cbc4b01db557 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 27 hours ago Up 27 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp funny_ritchie
bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 28 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp tomcat01
c6e16eb5fde2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 28 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx01
0b0c75786a4c centos "/bin/bash" 31 hours ago Up 31 hours silly_kirch
7e491d32442c centos "/bin/bash" 31 hours ago Up 31 hours elastic_torvalds
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker commit -a="zzy" -m="add webapps" bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat@2
invalid reference format
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker commit -a="zzy" -m="add webapps" bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat@2:1.0
invalid reference format
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z ~]# docker commit -a="zzy" -m="add webapps" bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat2:1.0
sha256:09f76771f2fb94e8cc16c4c06be9103864dcd4bd24ed14bb13b4dc76c1bee181
实例
安装nginx
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 17913 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 181
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 149 [OK]
ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we… 73
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr… 23 [OK]
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller 11
kasmweb/nginx An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and in… 4
ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Commu… 4
bitnami/nginx-exporter 3
bitnami/nginx-ldap-auth-daemon 3
rancher/nginx 2
circleci/nginx This image is for internal use 2
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend 2
rapidfort/nginx RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NGINX 2
vmware/nginx 2
vmware/nginx-photon 1
bitnami/nginx-intel 1
wallarm/nginx-ingress-controller Kubernetes Ingress Controller with Wallarm e… 1
rapidfort/nginx-ib RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NGIN… 0
rancher/nginx-conf 0
rapidfort/nginx-official RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NGIN… 0
ibmcom/nginx-ppc64le Docker image for nginx-ppc64le 0
rancher/nginx-ssl 0
ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller-ppc64le Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Commu… 0
continuumio/nginx-ingress-ws 0
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
3f4ca61aafcd: Pull complete
50c68654b16f: Pull complete
3ed295c083ec: Pull complete
40b838968eea: Pull complete
88d3ab68332d: Pull complete
5f63362a3fa3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0047b729188a15da49380d9506d65959cce6d40291ccfb4e039f5dc7efd33286
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8080:80 nginx
c6e16eb5fde2a687d8c4b41cc2bb5d2bb8f425ac142f1f687b15cb4f9794e292
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# curl localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]#
安装tomcat
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker pull tomcat:9.0
9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat
6e3729cf69e0: Pull complete
4d8d923227d8: Pull complete
eda8241fd25f: Pull complete
35dccabde73d: Pull complete
978c906bcdda: Pull complete
542de2e3d783: Pull complete
3294a3c6321f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:39cb3ef7ca90051f969c58137b9439eb2e81fcfca38f1d09f9cb5ca3d1b7bc93
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0
docker.io/library/tomcat:9.0
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 1403e55ab369 2 weeks ago 142MB
tomcat 9.0 24849d4d07c1 4 weeks ago 476MB
mysql latest 7484689f290f 4 weeks ago 538MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 15 months ago 231MB
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker run -d -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat:9.0
bb5e2e32b8c76ee0e47fecb5532413a5e103b62645878947c455f534b4723c9f
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# curl localhost:8081
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/9.0.70</h3></body></html>[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]#
安装ES
# 注意需要加内存限制，不然内存太小可能直接崩掉
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch3 -p 9200:9200 -p9300:9300 -e"discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
59c49905ad53dff5ceaf82385a03383988e7cd121271d2f488c7fe2bf2828e54
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
59c49905ad53 elasticsearch:7.6.2 "/usr/local/bin/dock…" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp elasticsearch3
bb5e2e32b8c7 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp tomcat01
c6e16eb5fde2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 44 minutes ago Up 44 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx01
0b0c75786a4c centos "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours silly_kirch
7e491d32442c centos "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Up 3 hours elastic_torvalds
[root@iZ8vb9gbgzbq4vx5w96rj7Z home]# curl localhost:9200
{
"name" : "59c49905ad53",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "GNQzypIZTs6GOGkfSw2EKw",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.6.2",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "docker",
"build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
"build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
可视化
Portainer
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
