Linux安装Apache 2.4 + PHP 7 + Mysql笔记
准备
因为服务器不能连接外网，所以在安装之前，我已经将所有相关的安装包上传至服务器，文件列表如下：
apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
httpd-2.4.9.tar.gz
libxml2-2.7.8.tar.gz
pcre-8.10.tar.gz
php-7.1.0.tar.gz
如果能连接外网，也可直接下载。
1. 安装PCRE
安装Apache之前需要安装Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions Library (PCRE), 否则会发生类似下面的错误：
apache/bin/httpd: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
1) 解压pcre
$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
2) 安装pcre
$ cd pcre-8.10
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
$ make
$ sudo make install
2. 安装libxml2
安装PHP之前，需要先安装libxml2，否则可能会发生类似下面的错误：
configure error xml2-config not found. please check your libxml2 installation
1) 解压
$ tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.8.tar.gz
2) 安装libxml2
$ cd libxml2-2.7.8
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
$ make
$ sudo make install
3. 安装Apache
安装Apache，需要安装APR and APR-Util。否则安装Apache时会报下面的错误：
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
1) 解压
$ tar -zxvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.9.tar.gz
2) 将解压后的apr and apr-util包复制到Apache的安装目录的srclib目录下
$ cp ./apr-1.5.2 ./httpd-2.4.9/srclib/apr -r
$ cp ./apr-util-1.5.4 ./httpd-2.4.9/srclib/apr-util -r
3) 安装Apache
$ cd httpd-2.4.9
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-included-apr --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/
$ make
$ sudo make install
4. 安装GD
GD安装可以直接使用YUM进行安装
1) 检查系统是否有GD
$ rpm -qa | grep -i gd
如果没有则需要安装
2) 安装
$ sudo yum install gd-devel
如果需要还需要FreeType支持，则还需要安装FreeType
$ sudo yum install freetype*
1
3) 检查
安装完成之后，可以使用以下命令检查
$ rpm -qa | grep -i gd
5. 安装MySql
同样的，可以使用YUM安装Mysql
1) 检查
$ rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-server和mysql都需要，还有mysql-devel开发包也需要，不然PHP无法使用MYSQL。
2) 安装
安装系统中不存在的包
$ sudo yum install mysql
$ sudo yum install mysql-devel
$ yum install mysql-server
3) 启动
$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld start
# 设置密码
$ mysqladmin -u root -p password 123456;
6. 安装PHP
1) 解压
$ tar -zxvf php-7.1.0.tar.gz
2) 安装
通过Apache的模块来安装，
apxs: APache eXtenSion tool, 为编译和安装Apache模块的工具，以下为比较基础的安装
$ cd php-7.1.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cp ~/php-7.1.0/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini
如果是需要使用GD + FreeType，则按照下面的编译安装(推荐)
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --enable-mbstring --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-gd --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-zlib --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/freetype2/freetype/
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cp ~/php-7.1.0/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini
7. 在Apache中配置PHP
在LoadModule处添加
LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
末尾添加
<FilesMatch \.php$>
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
8. 启动Apache
sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
或者
sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -f /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
9. 常见问题
1) no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
...
configure: error: in `/home/buyabs.corp/kt94/pcre-8.10':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details.
解决方法：安装开发软件包组以及gcc
$ yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
$ sudo yum install gcc
2) g++: command not found
./libtool: line 990: g++: command not found
make[1]: *** [pcrecpp.lo] Error 1
解决方法：安装g++
$ sudo yum install gcc-c++
注意：安装前先卸载老版本(mysql一定要卸载)
下载并解压
cd ~
yum -y install gcc-c++ wget bzip2 expat-devel
yum -y install libaio libaio-devel
yum -y install zlib-devel pcre-devel libxml2-devel curl-devel
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl ope pcre* openssl* gd-devel*
yum -y install libcurl-devel
yum -y install openssl-devel
yum -y install libxslt-devel
yum -y install libxml2-devel
mkdir /usr/local/download
cd /usr/local/download
tar -jxvf httpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf pcre-8.42.tar.bz2
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
tar xf freetype-2.9.tar.gz
tar xf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar xf libpng-1.6.36.tar.gz
tar xf jpegsrc.v9c.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libzip-1.2.0.tar.gz
tar -xf mirror
cd ~
安装apache
cd /usr/local/download/apr-1.6.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
cd /usr/local/download/apr-util-1.6.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
make && make install
cd /usr/local/download/pcre-8.42
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install
cd /usr/local/download/httpd-2.4.37
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/
make && make install
cd ~
//修改apache配置文件 httpd.conf
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -V 查看httpd.conf文件所在位置
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf ( #ServerName www.example.com:80(194行) 后面加 ServerName localhost:80 )
//开启apache
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
//防火墙开启80端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
安装mysql
cd ~
mkdir /data
mv /usr/local/download/mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /data/mysql8
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
cd /data/mysql8
配置my.cnf
vi /data/mysql8/my.cnf
复制下面内容
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /data/mysql8
datadir = /data/mysql8/data
max_connections = 1024
character-set-server = UTF8MB4
default-storage-engine = INNODB
server_id = 1
socket = /data/mysql8/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql8/mysql.pid
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql8/log/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 10
log-error = /data/mysql8/log/mysql-err.log
log-bin = /data/mysql8/log/mysql-bin
user = mysql
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysql]
default-character-set = UTF8MB4
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql8/mysql.sock
default-character-set = UTF8MB4
ln -s /data/mysql8/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
mkdir /data/mysql8/log
mkdir /data/mysql8/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql8
chmod 755 /data/mysql8 -R
/data/mysql8/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8/data 有临时密码(推荐)
/data/mysql8/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8/data 无密码
配置mysql文件
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
vi /etc/init.d/mysql
//修改46，47行的basedir和datadir
basedir= /data/mysql8
datadir= /data/mysql8/data
//修改63-82行，把路径改成自已的mysql安装路径
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/data/mysql8
bindir=/data/mysql8/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/data/mysql8/data
fi
sbindir=/data/mysql8/bin
libexecdir=/data/mysql8/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
//启动mysql
service mysql start
添加环境变量
vi /etc/profile
添加如下内容：
export PATH=$PATH:/data/mysql8/bin
使配置生效
source /etc/profile
//登录检查mysql
mysql -u root -p
若前面选择无密码：mysql -u root --skip-password
查看临时密码 less /data/mysql8/log/mysql-err.log
若前面选择有密码：mysql -u root -p
修改密码
方法1mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';
方法2mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
flush privileges;
创建可远程连接的用户
create user '用户名'@'主机' identified with mysql_native_password by '密码';
grant all privileges on *.* to '用户名'@'主机';
flush privileges;
安装PHP
cd /usr/local/download/zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make test
make install
cd /usr/local/download/libpng-1.6.36
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng
make
make check
make install
cd /usr/local/download/jpeg-9c
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libjpeg
make && make install
cd /usr/local/download/freetype-2.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make && make install
cd /usr/local/download/libzip-1.2.0
./configure
make && make install
cp /usr/local/lib/libzip/include/zipconf.h /usr/local/include/zipconf.h
cd /usr/local/download/php-7.3.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-pdo-mysql --with-mysqli --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/libjpeg --with-curl --with-gd --with-gettext --with-iconv-dir --with-openssl --with-pcre-regex --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pear --with-xsl --enable-fpm --enable-bcmath --enable-libxml --enable-inline-optimization --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-opcache --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-xml --enable-zip
make && make install
cp /usr/local/download/php-7.3.0/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
cd ~
如果想从新配置PHP只需重复./configure... make && make install步骤
检查PHP
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
查看有无(153行)：LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
在Apache的配置文件httpd.conf的<IfModule mime_module></IfModule>块里增加一行(367行)
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
php连接mysql
编辑php.ini(1166行)添加：mysqli.default_socket = /data/mysql8/mysql.sock
vi /usr/local/php/php.ini
运行apache
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
添加php文件并输入 <?php phpinfo();
vi /usr/local/apache/htdocs/info.php
测试数据库连接
vi /usr/local/apache/htdocs/testConnectDatanase.php
<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","111111","mysql");
if($link){echo "successful connection";}else{echo "connection failed";}
