//【例8.5】赋值兼容规则与自定义的拷贝构造函数。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
enum Tsex{mid,man,woman};
struct course{
string coursename;
int grade;
};
class Person{
string IdPerson; //身份证号
string Name; //姓名
Tsex Sex; //性别
int Birthday; //生日,格式1986年8月18日写作19860818
string HomeAddress; //家庭地址
public:
Person(string,string,Tsex,int,string);
Person();
Person(Person &ps);
~Person();
Person & operator=(Person &);
void PrintPersonInfo();
};
Person::Person(string id,string name,Tsex sex,int birthday,string homeadd){
IdPerson=id;
Name=name;
Sex=sex;
Birthday=birthday;
HomeAddress=homeadd;
}
Person::Person(){
IdPerson="#";Name="#";Sex=mid;
Birthday=0;HomeAddress="#";
}
Person::Person(Person &ps){
IdPerson=ps.IdPerson;
Name=ps.Name;
Sex=ps.Sex;
Birthday=ps.Birthday;
HomeAddress=ps.HomeAddress;
}
Person::~Person(){}
Person & Person::operator=(Person &ps){
IdPerson=ps.IdPerson;
Name=ps.Name;
Sex=ps.Sex;
Birthday=ps.Birthday;
HomeAddress=ps.HomeAddress;
return *this;
}
void Person::PrintPersonInfo(){
int i;
cout<<"身份证号:"<<IdPerson<<'\n'<<"姓名:"<<Name<<'\n'<<"性别:";
if(Sex==man)cout<<"男"<<'\n';
else if(Sex==woman)cout<<"女"<<'\n';
else cout<<" "<<'\n';
cout<<"出生年月日:";
i=Birthday;
cout<<i/10000<<"年";
i=i%10000;
cout<<i/100<<"月"<<i%100<<"日"<<'\n'<<"家庭住址:"<<HomeAddress<<'\n';
}
class Student:public Person{//定义派生的学生类
string NoStudent;//学号
course cs[30];//30门课程与成绩
public:
Student(string id,string name,Tsex sex,int birthday,string homeadd,string nostud);
//注意派生类构造函数声明方式
Student();
Student(Student &Std);
~Student();
Student & operator=(Student &Std);
int SetCourse(string,int);
int GetCourse(string);
void PrintStudentInfo();
}; //这里省略了一些成员函数,如赋学号、取学号等
Student::Student(string id,string name,Tsex sex,int birthday,string homeadd,string nostud)
:Person(id,name,sex,birthday,homeadd){//注意Person参数表不用类型
NoStudent=nostud;
for(int i=0;i<30;i++){//课程与成绩清空,将来由键盘输入
cs[i].coursename="#";
cs[i].grade=0;
}
}
Student::Student(){//基类缺省的无参数构造函数不必显式给出
int i;
NoStudent="#";
for(i=0;i<30;i++){//课程与成绩清空,将来由键盘输入
cs[i].coursename="#";
cs[i].grade=0;
}
}
Student::Student(Student &Std):Person(Std){//按赋值兼容规则Std可为Person实参
NoStudent=Std.NoStudent;
for(int i=0;i<30;i++){
cs[i].coursename=Std.cs[i].coursename;
cs[i].grade=Std.cs[i].grade;
}
}
Student::~Student(){}//基类析构函数不必显式给出
Student & Student::operator=(Student &Std){
this->Person::operator=(Std);
NoStudent=Std.NoStudent;
for(int i=0;i<30;i++){
cs[i].coursename=Std.cs[i].coursename;
cs[i].grade=Std.cs[i].grade;
}
return *this;
}
int Student::SetCourse(string coursename,int grade){
bool b=false;//标识新输入的课程,还是更新成绩
for(int i=0;i<30;i++){
if(cs[i].coursename=="#"){
//判表是否进入未使用部分(如有对应删除应按顺序表方式)
cs[i].coursename=coursename;
cs[i].grade=grade;
b=false;
break;
}
else if(cs[i].coursename==coursename){
cs[i].grade=grade;
b=true;
break;
}
}
if(i==30) return 0;//成绩表满返回0
if(b) return 1;//修改成绩返回1
else return 2;//登记成绩返回2
}
int Student::GetCourse(string coursename){
for(int i=0;i<30;i++)
if(cs[i].coursename=="#") break;//无此句,stcpy()会出错
else if(cs[i].coursename==coursename) return cs[i].grade;
return -1;
}//找到返回成绩,未找到返回-1
void Student::PrintStudentInfo(){
int i;
cout<<"学号:"<<NoStudent<<'\n';
PrintPersonInfo();
for(i=0;i<30;i++)//打印各科成绩
if(cs[i].coursename!="#")cout<<cs[i].coursename<<'\t'<<cs[i].grade<<'\n';
else break;
cout<<"--------完-------- "<<endl;
}
int main(void){
string temp;
int i,k;
Person per1("320102820818161","沈俊",man,19820818,"南京四牌楼2号");
per1.PrintPersonInfo();
Person per2=per1,per3; //基类对象拷贝初始化
per2.PrintPersonInfo();
per3=per1; //基类对象深拷贝赋值
per3.PrintPersonInfo();
Student stu1("320102811226161","朱海鹏",man,19811226,"南京市黄浦路1号",
"06000123");
cout<<"请输入各科成绩:"<<'\n'; //完整应输入学号,查找,再操作
while(1){ //输入各科成绩,输入"end"停止
cin>>temp; //输入格式:物理 80
if(temp=="end") break;
cin>>k;
i=stu1.SetCourse(temp,k);
if(i==0)cout<<"成绩列表已满!"<<'\n';
else if(i==1)cout<<"修改成绩"<<'\n';
else cout<<"登记成绩"<<'\n';
}
stu1.PrintStudentInfo();
Student stu2=stu1,stu3;//派生类对象深拷贝初始化
stu2.PrintStudentInfo();
stu3=stu2;//派生类对象深拷贝赋值
stu3.PrintStudentInfo();
return 0;
}