基于WPF开发动态可交互混淆矩阵
最近在项目中，为了算法结果的可视化，需要用到混淆矩阵(Confusion Matrix)，而网上资源大多是基于Python绘制的混淆矩阵，并且是输出图片格式，并不能响应用户点击，今天以一个简单的小例子，简述如何通过WPF绘制混淆矩阵，并可响应用户点击事件，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。
什么是混淆矩阵？
在机器学习中, 混淆矩阵是一个误差矩阵, 常用来可视化地评估监督学习算法的性能. 混淆矩阵大小为 (n_classes, n_classes) 的方阵, 其中 n_classes 表示类的数量. 这个矩阵的每一行表示真实类中的实例, 而每一列表示预测类中的实例 (Tensorflow 和 scikit-learn 采用的实现方式). 也可以是, 每一行表示预测类中的实例, 而每一列表示真实类中的实例 (Confusion matrix From Wikipedia 中的定义). 通过混淆矩阵, 可以很容易看出系统是否会弄混两个类, 这也是混淆矩阵名字的由来.
混淆矩阵是一种特殊类型的列联表(contingency table)或交叉制表(cross tabulation or crosstab). 其有两维 (真实值 "actual" 和 预测值 "predicted" ), 这两维都具有相同的类("classes")的集合. 在列联表中, 每个维度和类的组合是一个变量. 列联表以表的形式, 可视化地表示多个变量的频率分布.
对于应用程序开发人员而言，混淆矩阵就是一个二维数组，分别表示预测值和真实值，里面的值表示对应值的占比。
开发步骤
创建WPF应用程序项目
在了解了混淆矩阵的用途和原理后，就可以着手去开发，首先创建一个WPF应用程序项目，然后创建模型MatrixM，主要包括标题，x轴，y轴的标签和刻度说明，数据，颜色设置。如下所示：
public class MatrixM:ObservableObject
{
private string title;
public string Title { get { return title; } set { SetProperty(ref title, value); } }
private string xLabel;
public string XLabel { get { return xLabel; } set { SetProperty(ref xLabel, value); } }
private string yLabel;
public string YLabel { get { return yLabel; } set { SetProperty(ref yLabel,value); } }
private string[] yaxis;
public string[] Yaxis { get { return yaxis; } set { SetProperty(ref yaxis, value); } }
private string[] xaxis;
public string[] Xaxis { get { return xaxis; } set { SetProperty(ref xaxis, value); } }
public double[,] Data { get; set; }
private Color minBrush;
public Color MinBrush { get { return minBrush; } set { SetProperty(ref minBrush, value); } }
private Color maxBrush;
public Color MaxBrush { get { return maxBrush; } set { SetProperty(ref maxBrush, value); } }
}注意：在本示例中，矩阵的数据采用二维数组进行存储。
构造数据
构造示例数据，在实际开发中，数据来源于算法的真实分析，本例主要用于演示前端开发，所以构造一些测试数据，如下所示：
private MatrixM dataM;
public MatrixM DataM { get { return dataM; } set { SetProperty(ref dataM,value); } }
private UniformGrid matrix;
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
this.DataM = new MatrixM();
this.DataM.Title = "Confusion Matrix on Fer2024";
this.DataM.XLabel = "Predict Label";
this.DataM.YLabel = "Truth Label";
this.DataM.Xaxis = new string[] { "Angry","Disgust","Fear","Happy","Sad","Surprise","Neutral"};
this.DataM.Yaxis = new string[] { "Angry", "Disgust", "Fear", "Happy", "Sad", "Surprise", "Neutral" };
this.DataM.MinBrush = Colors.White;
this.DataM.MaxBrush= Colors.DarkSlateBlue;
this.DataM.Data = new double[,] {
{0.66,0.01,0.09,0.04,0.11,0.01,0.09 },
{0.23,0.64,0.0,0.04,0.09,0.0,0.0},
{0.08,0.0,0.58,0.02,0.15,0.08,0.1},
{0.01,0.0,0.01,0.89,0.01,0.02,0.06 },
{0.09,0.0,0.11,0.03,0.6,0.01,0.15},
{0.02,0.0,0.05,0.04,0.02,0.85,0.02 },
{0.05,0.0,0.04,0.07,0.11,0.01,0.72 }
};
}
页面布局
在WPF中，为了弹性呈现数据及自动缩放，主要用Grid，UniformGrid进行页面布局，交互主要用Button来实现，都是基础知识。如下所示：
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding DataM.Title}" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="5"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding DataM.YLabel}" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="14" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="5">
<TextBlock.LayoutTransform>
<RotateTransform Angle="270"></RotateTransform>
</TextBlock.LayoutTransform>
</TextBlock>
<Grid Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ItemsControl Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="1" ItemsSource="{Binding DataM.Yaxis}">
<ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<UniformGrid Columns="1"></UniformGrid>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Right">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"></TextBlock>
<Border Width="10" Height="1" BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="10 0 0 0"></Border>
</StackPanel>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" >
<UniformGrid x:Name="matrix" >
<UniformGrid.Resources>
<Style TargetType="Button">
<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Opacity" Value="0.5"></Setter>
<Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"></Setter>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="16"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</UniformGrid.Resources>
</UniformGrid>
</Border>
<ItemsControl Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding DataM.Xaxis}">
<ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<UniformGrid Rows="1"></UniformGrid>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
<Border Width="10" Height="1" BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0 0 0 0">
<Border.RenderTransformOrigin>
<Point X="0.5" Y="0.5"></Point>
</Border.RenderTransformOrigin>
<Border.LayoutTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<RotateTransform Angle="90"></RotateTransform>
</TransformGroup>
</Border.LayoutTransform>
</Border>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}">
<TextBlock.RenderTransformOrigin>
<Point X="0.5" Y="0.5"></Point>
</TextBlock.RenderTransformOrigin>
<TextBlock.LayoutTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<RotateTransform Angle="-45"></RotateTransform>
<TranslateTransform Y="20"></TranslateTransform>
</TransformGroup>
</TextBlock.LayoutTransform>
</TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>
<Rectangle Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2" Width="20" Margin="10 0">
<Rectangle.Fill>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0 0" EndPoint="1 1">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="{Binding DataM.MaxBrush}"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="{Binding DataM.MinBrush}"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Rectangle.Fill>
</Rectangle>
</Grid>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding DataM.XLabel}" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="14" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="5"></TextBlock>
</Grid>
注意：标题，刻度，轴说明 ，都是固定布局，可以进行数据绑定，而矩阵内容需要动态创建，所以分开处理。
构造矩阵
在本示例中，混淆矩阵以UniformGrid为容器，动态根据数据创建，并填充到容器中，如下所示：
private IRelayCommand<object> loadedCommand;
public IRelayCommand<object> LoadedCommand =>loadedCommand??=new RelayCommand<object>(Loaded);
private void Loaded(object obj)
{
if (obj != null)
{
var win = obj as MainWindow;
if (win != null)
{
this.matrix = win.matrix;
InitMatrix();
}
}
}
private void InitMatrix()
{
if(this.matrix == null)
{
return;
}
this.matrix.Children.Clear();
this.matrix.Rows = this.DataM.Data.GetLength(0);
this.matrix.Columns = this.DataM.Data.GetLength(1);
var color = this.DataM.MaxBrush;
for(int row = 0; row < this.DataM.Data.GetLength(0); row++)
{
for(int col = 0; col < this.DataM.Data.GetLength(1); col++)
{
Border border = new Border();
border.Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb((byte)(this.DataM.Data[row, col] * color.A), color.R, color.G, color.B));
var button = new Button();
button.Content = this.DataM.Data[row, col].ToString("0.00");
button.FontSize = 12;
button.HorizontalContentAlignment= System.Windows.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
button.VerticalContentAlignment= System.Windows.VerticalAlignment.Center;
button.Background = Brushes.Transparent;
button.BorderThickness = new System.Windows.Thickness(0);
border.Child= button;
this.matrix.Children.Add(border);
}
}
}注意，在Grid，UniformGrid此类容器中，控件不需要设置宽和高，会自动根据容器大小进行自适应。且不能设置对齐属性，否则控件大小则不会自适应调整大小。
示例效果
运行VS，实例效果如下所示：
以上就是【基于WPF开发动态可交互混淆矩阵】的全部内容。希望可以一起学习，共同进步。
作者：老码识途
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/hsiang/
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