WPF工控组态软件之管道和冷却风扇开发

WPF以其丰富灵活的控件样式设计，相较于WinForm而言，一直是工控组态软件的宠儿，本文以两个简单的小例子，简述如何通过WPF设计出表示水流的管道，和转动的冷却风扇。仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。

设计知识点

关于本示例中，涉及的知识点，如下所示：

自定义用户控件，用户可以根据业务需要自定义控件，将普通的控件进行组合，封装，以满足特定的功能，并达到复用的目的。
WPF形状，动画，可以通过选择，移动，变形等相关功能，改变控件的呈现形状。
依赖属性，WPF可以通过依赖属性进行数据的绑定，实现UI与业务逻辑的解耦。

示例截图

本示例主要实现了管道，和冷却扇，然后通过不同的旋转，移动并加以组合，如下所示：

管道Pipeline

在本示例中，管道和冷却扇均是用户控件，方便复用。管道开发步骤如下所示：

1. 控件布局

管道采用Border控件，并设置渐变的背景色，水流采用Line控件，样式采用虚线StrokeDashArray，看起来就会是一节一节的。让中间的Line动起来，就像是水在流动一样，这样就可以实现管道中水流的效果。源码如下所示：

 1 <Border CornerRadius="{Binding CapRadius, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}">
 2     <Border.Background>
 3         <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1">
 4             <GradientStop Color="#FFCBCBCB" Offset="0.1"></GradientStop>
 5             <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.5"></GradientStop>
 6             <GradientStop Color="#FFCBCBCB" Offset="0.8"></GradientStop>
 7         </LinearGradientBrush>
 8     </Border.Background>
 9     <Border x:Name="border" Margin="10,2" >
10         <Line x:Name="liquidline" 
11               X1="0" Y1="0" 
12               X2="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=ActualWidth}" 
13               Y2="0" 
14               Stroke="{Binding LiquidColor, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}" 
15               StrokeThickness="10" 
16               VerticalAlignment="Center" 
17               StrokeDashArray="2,3" 
18               StrokeDashCap="Round" 
19               StrokeStartLineCap="Round" 
20               StrokeEndLineCap="Round" 
21               Opacity="0.5" 
22               Stretch="Fill">
23         </Line>
24     </Border>
25 </Border>

2. 状态管理

在管道控件中，有两种状态，可以控制水流的方向【东西流向，还是西东流向】，如下所示：

 1 <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
 2     <VisualStateGroup>
 3         <VisualState x:Name="WEFlowState">
 4             <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
 5                 <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:1" From="0" To="-5" Storyboard.TargetName="liquidline" Storyboard.TargetProperty="StrokeDashOffset">
 6                     
 7                 </DoubleAnimation>
 8             </Storyboard>
 9         </VisualState>
10         <VisualState x:Name="EWFlowState">
11             <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
12                 <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:1" From="0" To="5" Storyboard.TargetName="liquidline" Storyboard.TargetProperty="StrokeDashOffset">
13 
14                 </DoubleAnimation>
15             </Storyboard>
16         </VisualState>
17     </VisualStateGroup>
18 </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>

3. 依赖属性

在管道示例中，流向可以作为依赖属性，在使用时进行绑定设置，还有水流的颜色，也可以由用户设置。如下所示：

 1 namespace WpfControl.UserControls
 2 {
 3     /// <summary>
 4     /// Pipeline.xaml 的交互逻辑
 5     /// </summary>
 6     public partial class Pipeline : UserControl
 7     {
 8 
 9         /// <summary>
10         /// 流水方向
11         /// </summary>
12         public WaterDirection Direction
13         {
14             get { return (WaterDirection)GetValue(DirectionProperty); }
15             set { SetValue(DirectionProperty, value); }
16         }
17 
18         // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Direction.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
19         public static readonly DependencyProperty DirectionProperty =
20             DependencyProperty.Register("Direction", typeof(WaterDirection), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(default(WaterDirection),new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDirectionChanged)));
21 
22         private static void OnDirectionChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
23         {
24             WaterDirection value =(WaterDirection) e.NewValue;
25             VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as Pipeline, value == WaterDirection.WE ? "WEFlowState" : "EWFlowState", false);
26         }
27 
28 
29         /// <summary>
30         /// 颜色
31         /// </summary>
32         public Brush LiquidColor
33         {
34             get { return (Brush)GetValue(LiquidColorProperty); }
35             set { SetValue(LiquidColorProperty, value); }
36         }
37 
38         // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for LiquidColor.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
39         public static readonly DependencyProperty LiquidColorProperty =
40             DependencyProperty.Register("LiquidColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(Brushes.Orange));
41 
42 
43 
44 
45         public int CapRadius
46         {
47             get { return (int)GetValue(CapRadiusProperty); }
48             set { SetValue(CapRadiusProperty, value); }
49         }
50 
51         // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CapRadius.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
52         public static readonly DependencyProperty CapRadiusProperty =
53             DependencyProperty.Register("CapRadius", typeof(int), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(0));
54 
55 
56 
57         public Pipeline()
58         {
59             InitializeComponent();
60         }
61     }
62 }

冷却风扇

1. 风扇布局

在本示例中，冷却风扇是一个简单的风扇，因为风扇是自定义形状，所以需要才用Path控件，至于风扇的形状数据，可以通过iconfont网站进行获取。且风扇是一直转动的，所以可以通过Loaded事件进行触发。当然也可以通过其他事件进行触发，如单击等。如下所示：

 1 <Border>
 2     <Path Stretch="Fill" Fill="Goldenrod"  Data="M261.851429 528.822857c-43.885714-24.868571-84.845714-23.405714-121.417143 5.851429-35.108571 26.331429-49.737143 62.902857-43.885715 106.788571 5.851429 38.034286 19.017143 74.605714 40.96 108.251429 21.942857 35.108571 46.811429 59.977143 76.068572 74.605714 78.994286 40.96 147.748571 29.257143 207.725714-35.108571 19.017143-20.48 33.645714-43.885714 46.811429-73.142858 14.628571-32.182857 23.405714-61.44 24.868571-90.697142 0-14.628571 7.314286-21.942857 19.017143-21.942858s19.017143 5.851429 24.868571 16.091429c17.554286 51.2 14.628571 99.474286-10.24 143.36-24.868571 43.885714-21.942857 84.845714 4.388572 119.954286 26.331429 35.108571 62.902857 49.737143 106.788571 42.422857 38.034286-5.851429 74.605714-19.017143 108.251429-40.96 35.108571-21.942857 59.977143-46.811429 74.605714-76.068572 40.96-78.994286 29.257143-147.748571-36.571428-206.262857-20.48-19.017143-43.885714-35.108571-73.142858-48.274285-32.182857-14.628571-61.44-23.405714-90.697142-24.868572-14.628571 0-21.942857-7.314286-21.942858-19.017143s5.851429-20.48 17.554286-23.405714c20.48-7.314286 40.96-11.702857 62.902857-11.702857 27.794286 0 54.125714 7.314286 78.994286 20.48 43.885714 24.868571 84.845714 23.405714 121.417143-4.388572 35.108571-26.331429 49.737143-62.902857 43.885714-106.788571-5.851429-38.034286-19.017143-74.605714-40.96-108.251429-21.942857-35.108571-46.811429-59.977143-76.068571-74.605714-78.994286-40.96-147.748571-29.257143-207.725715 35.108572-19.017143 20.48-33.645714 45.348571-46.811428 73.142857-14.628571 32.182857-23.405714 62.902857-24.868572 90.697143 0 13.165714-7.314286 20.48-19.017142 21.942857s-20.48-5.851429-24.868572-16.091429c-7.314286-20.48-10.24-40.96-10.24-64.365714 0-27.794286 7.314286-54.125714 20.48-78.994286 24.868571-43.885714 21.942857-84.845714-4.388571-119.954286-26.331429-35.108571-61.44-49.737143-105.325715-43.885714-38.034286 5.851429-74.605714 19.017143-108.251428 40.96-35.108571 21.942857-59.977143 46.811429-76.068572 76.068572-40.96 78.994286-29.257143 147.748571 36.571429 207.725714 20.48 19.017143 45.348571 35.108571 73.142857 48.274286 32.182857 14.628571 61.44 21.942857 90.697143 23.405714 14.628571 0 21.942857 7.314286 21.942857 19.017143s-5.851429 20.48-17.554286 24.868571c-49.737143 17.554286-98.011429 14.628571-141.897142-10.24m279.405714-46.811428c8.777143 8.777143 11.702857 17.554286 11.702857 29.257142s-4.388571 21.942857-11.702857 30.72c-8.777143 7.314286-17.554286 11.702857-29.257143 11.702858s-21.942857-4.388571-30.72-11.702858c-8.777143-8.777143-11.702857-19.017143-11.702857-30.72s4.388571-21.942857 11.702857-29.257142c8.777143-8.777143 19.017143-13.165714 30.72-13.165715 11.702857 1.462857 20.48 4.388571 29.257143 13.165715z">
 3         <Path.RenderTransform>
 4             <TransformGroup>
 5                 <RotateTransform Angle="0" CenterX="{Binding CenterX, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}" CenterY="{Binding CenterY, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}"></RotateTransform>
 6             </TransformGroup>
 7         </Path.RenderTransform>
 8         <Path.Triggers>
 9             <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="UserControl.Loaded">
10                 <BeginStoryboard>
11                     <Storyboard Duration="0:0:2" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetProperty="RenderTransform.Children[0].Angle">
12                         <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:2" From="0" To="360" BeginTime="0:0:0" ></DoubleAnimation>
13                     </Storyboard>
14                 </BeginStoryboard>
15             </EventTrigger>
16         </Path.Triggers>
17     </Path>
18 </Border>

2. 依赖属性

风扇旋转的中心点，设置成依赖属性，可以空格使用时进行设置

 1 namespace WpfControl.UserControls
 2 {
 3     /// <summary>
 4     /// CoolingPie.xaml 的交互逻辑
 5     /// </summary>
 6     public partial class CoolingPie : UserControl
 7     {
 8 
 9         public int CenterX
10         {
11             get { return (int)GetValue(CenterXProperty); }
12             set { SetValue(CenterXProperty, value); }
13         }
14 
15         // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CWidth.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
16         public static readonly DependencyProperty CenterXProperty =
17             DependencyProperty.Register("CenterX", typeof(int), typeof(CoolingPie), new PropertyMetadata(0));
18 
19 
20         public int CenterY
21         {
22             get { return (int)GetValue(CenterYProperty); }
23             set { SetValue(CenterYProperty, value); }
24         }
25 
26         // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CHeight.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
27         public static readonly DependencyProperty CenterYProperty =
28             DependencyProperty.Register("CenterY", typeof(int), typeof(CoolingPie), new PropertyMetadata(0));
29 
30 
31         public CoolingPie()
32         {
33             InitializeComponent();
34         }
35     }
36 }

整体布局

在控件定义好后，就是将控件拼接组合，以达到预期的效果，如下所示：

 1 <Grid>
 2     <ScrollViewer Margin="10" HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" CanContentScroll="True">
 3         <Canvas Margin="10">
 4             <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="top" Panel.ZIndex="4" Canvas.Top="-10" Canvas.Left="0" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualWidth}"  Direction="WE" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" CapRadius="20"></uctrl:Pipeline>
 5             <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="right" Panel.ZIndex="3" Margin="0" Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Top="10" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" Direction="WE" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" CapRadius="20">
 6                 <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
 7                     <TransformGroup>
 8                         <TranslateTransform X="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" Y="0"></TranslateTransform>
 9                         <RotateTransform Angle="90" CenterX="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CenterY="0"></RotateTransform>
10                     </TransformGroup>
11                 </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
12             </uctrl:Pipeline>
13             <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="bottom" Panel.ZIndex="2" Canvas.Bottom="-15" Canvas.Right="0" Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualWidth}" CapRadius="20"></uctrl:Pipeline>
14             <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="left" Panel.ZIndex="1" Canvas.Left="15" Canvas.Top="0"   Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CapRadius="20">
15                 <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
16                     <TransformGroup>
17                         <RotateTransform Angle="90" ></RotateTransform>
18                     </TransformGroup>
19                 </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
20             </uctrl:Pipeline>
21             <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="middle" Panel.ZIndex="1" Canvas.Left="360" Canvas.Top="0"   Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CapRadius="20">
22                 <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
23                     <TransformGroup>
24                         <RotateTransform Angle="90" ></RotateTransform>
25                     </TransformGroup>
26                 </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform>
27             </uctrl:Pipeline>
28             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
29             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
30             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="-10" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
31             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="-10" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
32             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="325" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
33             <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="325" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie>
34         </Canvas>
35     </ScrollViewer>
36 </Grid>

备注

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posted @ 2022-10-15 13:16 老码识途呀阅读(2666) 评论(6) 编辑收藏举报

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