走进WPF之开发类似Visio软件
当你想画一个流程图的时候,你会发现,很多软件要么需要秘钥,要么需要会员,这时我就在想,可不可自己制作一款流程图软件呢?本文以一个简单的小例子,简述如何利用WPF制作属于自己的流程图软件,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
涉及知识点
本示例主要通过WPF技术进行开发,涉及知识点如下:
- WPF绘图,如矩形,直线等功能的相关图形技术。
- Thumb控件,本控件可以由用户自由拖动,示例中所用到的可移动的图形控件,都继承于Thumb控件。
Thumb控件简介
Thumb控件是WPF提供的用于用户拖动的控件。默认情况下,Thumb控件并不在工具箱中,需要手动添加,如下所示:
工具箱-->常规-->右键-->选择项,然后打开【选择工具箱对话框】,如下所示:
在选【择工具箱项】页面,打开WPF组件-->选择Thumb-->点击确定按钮,如下所示:
添加成功后,即可从工具箱拖动到页面,如下所示:
关于Thumb控件的简介,如下所示:
1 namespace System.Windows.Controls.Primitives 2 { 3 // 4 // 摘要: 5 // 表示可以由用户拖动的控件。 6 [DefaultEvent("DragDelta")] 7 [Localizability(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize)] 8 public class Thumb : Control 9 { 10 // 11 // 摘要: 12 // 标识 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragStarted 路由事件。 13 // 14 // 返回结果: 15 // System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragStarted 路由事件的标识符。 16 public static readonly RoutedEvent DragStartedEvent; 17 // 18 // 摘要: 19 // 标识 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragDelta 路由事件。 20 // 21 // 返回结果: 22 // System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragDelta 路由事件的标识符。 23 public static readonly RoutedEvent DragDeltaEvent; 24 // 25 // 摘要: 26 // 标识 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragCompleted 路由事件。 27 // 28 // 返回结果: 29 // System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.DragCompleted 路由事件的标识符。 30 public static readonly RoutedEvent DragCompletedEvent; 31 // 32 // 摘要: 33 // 标识 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.IsDragging 依赖属性。 34 // 35 // 返回结果: 36 // System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.IsDragging 依赖项属性的标识符。 37 public static readonly DependencyProperty IsDraggingProperty; 38 39 // 40 // 摘要: 41 // 初始化 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 类的新实例。 42 public Thumb(); 43 44 // 45 // 摘要: 46 // 获取是否 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 控件具有逻辑焦点和捕获鼠标并按下鼠标左键。 47 // 48 // 返回结果: 49 // true 如果 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 控件具有焦点且鼠标捕获; 否则为 false。 默认值为 50 // false。 51 [Bindable(true)] 52 [Browsable(false)] 53 [Category("Appearance")] 54 public bool IsDragging { get; protected set; } 55 56 // 57 // 摘要: 58 // 发生时 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 控件接收逻辑焦点和鼠标捕获。 59 [Category("Behavior")] 60 public event DragStartedEventHandler DragStarted; 61 // 62 // 摘要: 63 // 根据鼠标位置更改时出现了一个或多个次 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 控件具有逻辑焦点和鼠标捕获。 64 [Category("Behavior")] 65 public event DragDeltaEventHandler DragDelta; 66 // 67 // 摘要: 68 // 发生时 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 控件失去鼠标捕获。 69 [Category("Behavior")] 70 public event DragCompletedEventHandler DragCompleted; 71 72 // 73 // 摘要: 74 // 取消的拖动操作 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb。 75 public void CancelDrag(); 76 // 77 // 摘要: 78 // 创建 System.Windows.Automation.Peers.AutomationPeer 为 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 79 // 控件。 80 // 81 // 返回结果: 82 // 一个 System.Windows.Automation.Peers.ThumbAutomationPeer 为 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb 83 // 控件。 84 protected override AutomationPeer OnCreateAutomationPeer(); 85 // 86 // 摘要: 87 // 响应 System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Thumb.IsDragging 属性值的更改。 88 // 89 // 参数: 90 // e: 91 // 事件数据。 92 protected virtual void OnDraggingChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e); 93 // 94 // 摘要: 95 // 提供类处理 System.Windows.ContentElement.MouseLeftButtonDown 事件。 96 // 97 // 参数: 98 // e: 99 // 事件数据。 100 protected override void OnMouseLeftButtonDown(MouseButtonEventArgs e); 101 // 102 // 摘要: 103 // 提供类处理 System.Windows.ContentElement.MouseLeftButtonUp 事件。 104 // 105 // 参数: 106 // e: 107 // 事件数据。 108 protected override void OnMouseLeftButtonUp(MouseButtonEventArgs e); 109 // 110 // 摘要: 111 // 提供类处理 System.Windows.UIElement.MouseMove 事件。 112 // 113 // 参数: 114 // e: 115 // 事件数据。 116 protected override void OnMouseMove(MouseEventArgs e); 117 } 118 }
通过上述摘要简介,发现Thumb控件提供了三个事件,分别是:
- 拖动开始事件:public event DragStartedEventHandler DragStarted;
- 拖动进行事件:public event DragDeltaEventHandler DragDelta;
- 拖动完成事件:public event DragCompletedEventHandler DragCompleted;
Thumb控件示例
首先在窗口页面上添加一个Thumb控件,然后分别添加三个事件,如下所示:
1 <Window x:Class="DemoVisio.MainWindow1" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="Thumb示例" Height="450" Width="800"> 9 <Canvas> 10 <Thumb x:Name="thumb" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0" Height="100" Width="100" DragStarted="thumb_DragStarted" DragDelta="thumb_DragDelta" DragCompleted="thumb_DragCompleted"/> 11 12 </Canvas> 13 </Window>
然后在三个事件中添加代码,终点是DragDelta事件,如下所示:
1 namespace DemoVisio 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 /// MainWindow1.xaml 的交互逻辑 5 /// </summary> 6 public partial class MainWindow1 : Window 7 { 8 public MainWindow1() 9 { 10 InitializeComponent(); 11 } 12 13 private void thumb_DragStarted(object sender, DragStartedEventArgs e) 14 { 15 //开始拖动 16 } 17 18 /// <summary> 19 /// 拖动 20 /// </summary> 21 /// <param name="sender"></param> 22 /// <param name="e"></param> 23 private void thumb_DragDelta(object sender, System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.DragDeltaEventArgs e) 24 { 25 Thumb myThumb = (Thumb)sender; 26 double nTop = Canvas.GetTop(myThumb) + e.VerticalChange; 27 double nLeft = Canvas.GetLeft(myThumb) + e.HorizontalChange; 28 Canvas.SetTop(myThumb, nTop); 29 Canvas.SetLeft(myThumb, nLeft); 30 } 31 32 private void thumb_DragCompleted(object sender, DragCompletedEventArgs e) 33 { 34 //拖动完成 35 } 36 } 37 }
注意,在XAML中,Thumb一定是在Canvas布局容器中,且一定要设置【Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0"】两个属性,如果不设置,在值为NaN,无法进行拖动。
默认情况下,Thumb控件就是一个丑丑的方块,如下所示:
拖动控件基类
在本示例中,流程图需要多种控件(如:圆形,矩形,线等),不能每一个控件都去实现那三个事件【DragStarted,DragDelta,DragCompleted】,所以需要定义一个基类ThumbControl,统一实现方案。具体如下所示:
1 namespace DemoVisio 2 { 3 public class ThumbControl : Thumb 4 { 5 /// <summary> 6 /// 是否可以输入 7 /// </summary> 8 public bool IsEnableInput { get { return (bool)GetValue(IsEnableInputProperty); } set {SetValue( IsEnableInputProperty, value); } } 9 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 依赖属性 12 /// </summary> 13 public static readonly DependencyProperty IsEnableInputProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("IsEnableInput",typeof(bool),typeof(ThumbControl)); 14 15 public ThumbControl():base() { 16 this.DragStarted += ThumbControl_DragStarted; 17 this.DragDelta += ThumbControl_DragDelta; 18 this.DragCompleted += ThumbControl_DragCompleted; 19 this.MouseDoubleClick += ThumbControl_MouseDoubleClick; 20 this.IsKeyboardFocusedChanged += ThumbControl_IsKeyboardFocusedChanged; 21 } 22 23 public void SetIsEnableInput(bool flag) 24 { 25 this.IsEnableInput = flag; 26 } 27 28 /// <summary> 29 /// 是否具有键盘焦点 30 /// </summary> 31 /// <param name="sender"></param> 32 /// <param name="e"></param> 33 private void ThumbControl_IsKeyboardFocusedChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) 34 { 35 36 this.IsEnableInput = this.IsKeyboardFocused; 37 38 } 39 40 /// <summary> 41 /// 双击事件 42 /// </summary> 43 /// <param name="sender"></param> 44 /// <param name="e"></param> 45 private void ThumbControl_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs e) 46 { 47 this.IsEnableInput = true; 48 } 49 50 private void ThumbControl_DragStarted(object sender, DragStartedEventArgs e) 51 { 52 //开始移动 53 } 54 55 private void ThumbControl_DragDelta(object sender, DragDeltaEventArgs e) 56 { 57 Thumb myThumb = (Thumb)sender; 58 double nTop = Canvas.GetTop(myThumb) + e.VerticalChange; 59 double nLeft = Canvas.GetLeft(myThumb) + e.HorizontalChange; 60 Canvas.SetTop(myThumb, nTop); 61 Canvas.SetLeft(myThumb, nLeft); 62 } 63 64 private void ThumbControl_DragCompleted(object sender, DragCompletedEventArgs e) 65 { 66 //移动结束 67 } 68 } 69 }
具体图形控件
封装了基类以后,其他控件可以在此基础上进行使用,通过ControlTemplate展现不同的形态,如下所示:
1. 矩形方块
在流程图中,矩形方块一般表示过程,实现代码如下所示:
1 <UserControl x:Class="DemoVisio.SquareControl" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Canvas> 10 <local:ThumbControl x:Name="s" BorderThickness="1" Canvas.Top ="0" Canvas.Left="0" Width="100" Height="60" Background="AliceBlue"> 11 <Thumb.Template> 12 <ControlTemplate> 13 <Border Width="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Width}" Height="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Height}" BorderBrush="Black" Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}" BorderThickness="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=BorderThickness}" Padding="2"> 14 <TextBox Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}" BorderThickness="0" VerticalAlignment="Center" IsEnabled="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=IsEnableInput}" MinLines="3" MaxLines="3" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center"></TextBox> 15 </Border> 16 17 </ControlTemplate> 18 </Thumb.Template> 19 </local:ThumbControl> 20 </Canvas> 21 </UserControl>
2. 圆形图
在流程图中,圆形一般表示开始和结束,如下所示:
1 <UserControl x:Class="DemoVisio.CircleControl" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Canvas> 10 <local:ThumbControl x:Name="s" Canvas.Top ="0" Canvas.Left="0" Width="60" Height="60" Background="AliceBlue" BorderThickness="1" > 11 <local:ThumbControl.Template> 12 <ControlTemplate> 13 <Grid> 14 <Border Width="{Binding Width}" Height="{Binding Height}" CornerRadius="30" BorderThickness="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=BorderThickness}" BorderBrush="Black" Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}"> 15 <TextBox VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" MaxLines="2" MinLines="1" Width="{Binding Width}" Height="{Binding Height}" Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}" BorderThickness="0" IsEnabled="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=IsEnableInput}"></TextBox> 16 </Border> 17 </Grid> 18 </ControlTemplate> 19 </local:ThumbControl.Template> 20 21 </local:ThumbControl> 22 </Canvas> 23 </UserControl>
3. 菱形图
在流程图中,菱形一般表示选择,表达程序中的布尔值。如下所示:
1 <UserControl x:Class="DemoVisio.RhombusControl" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Canvas> 10 <local:ThumbControl x:Name="s" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0" Width="80" Height="80" Background="AliceBlue" BorderThickness="1" > 11 <Thumb.Template> 12 <ControlTemplate> 13 <Border Width="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Width}" Height="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Height}" BorderBrush="Black" Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}" BorderThickness="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=BorderThickness}" Padding="1"> 14 <TextBox Background="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=Background}" BorderThickness="0" VerticalAlignment="Center" IsEnabled="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=IsEnableInput}" Width="50" Height="50" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center"> 15 <TextBox.RenderTransform> 16 <RotateTransform CenterX="25" CenterY="25" Angle="-45" ></RotateTransform> 17 </TextBox.RenderTransform> 18 </TextBox> 19 </Border> 20 21 </ControlTemplate> 22 23 </Thumb.Template> 24 <Thumb.RenderTransform> 25 26 <TransformGroup> 27 <RotateTransform CenterX="40" CenterY="40" Angle="45"></RotateTransform> 28 <ScaleTransform CenterX="40" CenterY="40" ScaleX="0.8"></ScaleTransform> 29 <TranslateTransform X="10" Y="15"></TranslateTransform> 30 </TransformGroup> 31 </Thumb.RenderTransform> 32 </local:ThumbControl> 33 </Canvas> 34 </UserControl>
4. 直线
在流程图中,直线一般表示两个过程之间的连接,如下所示:
1 <UserControl x:Class="DemoVisio.LineArrowControl" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Canvas> 10 <local:ThumbControl x:Name="s" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0" Width="100" Height="100" Background="AliceBlue" IsEnableInput="False"> 11 <local:ThumbControl.Template> 12 <ControlTemplate> 13 <Grid> 14 15 <Line X1="0" Y1="0" X2="0" Y2="100" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="2" HorizontalAlignment="Center" > 16 17 </Line> 18 <Line X1="-5" Y1="90" X2="1" Y2="100" StrokeThickness="2" Stroke="Black" HorizontalAlignment="Center"></Line> 19 <Line X1="8" Y1="90" X2="3" Y2="100" StrokeThickness="2" Stroke="Black" HorizontalAlignment="Center"></Line> 20 <TextBox VerticalAlignment="Center" Height="30" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" BorderThickness="0" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" MinLines="1" MaxLines="2" IsEnabled="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=IsEnableInput}" Opacity="0" Visibility="{Binding ElementName=s, Path=IsEnableInput}"></TextBox> 21 </Grid> 22 </ControlTemplate> 23 </local:ThumbControl.Template> 24 25 </local:ThumbControl> 26 </Canvas> 27 </UserControl>
主窗体
主窗体主要用于绘制流程图,分为左右两部分,左边是控件列表,右边是布局容器,如下所示:
1 <Window x:Class="DemoVisio.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoVisio" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="流程图" Height="800" Width="800" MouseDown="Window_MouseDown" Loaded="Window_Loaded"> 9 <Window.Resources> 10 <Style TargetType="TextBlock"> 11 <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter> 12 </Style> 13 </Window.Resources> 14 <Grid ShowGridLines="True"> 15 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 16 <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" MinWidth="150"></ColumnDefinition> 17 <ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition> 18 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 19 <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" x:Name="left" Orientation="Vertical"> 20 <Rectangle Width="80" Height="50" Fill="AliceBlue" Stroke="Black" Margin="5" x:Name="rectangle" MouseLeftButtonDown="rectangle_MouseLeftButtonDown"></Rectangle> 21 <TextBlock Text="矩形"></TextBlock> 22 <Rectangle Width="100" Height="100" Fill="AliceBlue" Stroke="Black" Margin="5" x:Name="rhombus" MouseLeftButtonDown="rhombus_MouseLeftButtonDown"> 23 <Rectangle.RenderTransform> 24 <TransformGroup> 25 <RotateTransform CenterX="50" CenterY="50" Angle="45"></RotateTransform> 26 <ScaleTransform CenterX="50" CenterY="50" ScaleX="0.5" ScaleY="0.7"></ScaleTransform> 27 </TransformGroup> 28 </Rectangle.RenderTransform> 29 </Rectangle> 30 <TextBlock Text="菱形" Margin="0,5"></TextBlock> 31 <Line X1="0" Y1="0" X2="0" Y2="80" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="2" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="5" x:Name="line" MouseLeftButtonDown="line_MouseLeftButtonDown" ></Line> 32 <TextBlock Text="直线"></TextBlock> 33 <Ellipse Width="60" Height="60" Fill="AliceBlue" Stroke="Black" Margin="5" x:Name="circle" MouseLeftButtonDown="circle_MouseLeftButtonDown"></Ellipse> 34 <TextBlock Text="圆形"></TextBlock> 35 </StackPanel> 36 <Canvas Grid.Column="1" x:Name="right" > 37 38 39 </Canvas> 40 </Grid> 41 </Window>
当点击左边基础控件时,在右边容器中,生成新的控件。如下所示:
1 namespace DemoVisio 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑 5 /// </summary> 6 public partial class MainWindow : Window 7 { 8 /// <summary> 9 /// 控件列表 10 /// </summary> 11 private List<Control> rightControls = new List<Control>(); 12 13 public MainWindow() 14 { 15 InitializeComponent(); 16 } 17 18 private void Window_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 19 { 20 //this.Focus(); 21 //this.one.SetIsEnableInput(false); 22 foreach (var control in this.right.Children) { 23 var thumb = control as ThumbControl; 24 if (thumb != null) 25 { 26 thumb.SetIsEnableInput(false); 27 } 28 } 29 } 30 31 private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 32 { 33 var width = this.right.ActualWidth; 34 var height = this.right.ActualHeight; 35 36 int x = 0; 37 int y = 0; 38 //横线 39 while (y<height) { 40 Line line = new Line(); 41 line.X1 = x; 42 line.Y1 = y; 43 line.X2 = width; 44 line.Y2 = y; 45 line.Stroke = Brushes.LightGray; 46 line.StrokeThickness = 1; 47 this.right.Children.Add(line); 48 y = y + 10; 49 } 50 //重新初始化值 51 x = 0; 52 y = 0; 53 //竖线 54 while (x < width) { 55 Line line = new Line(); 56 line.X1 = x; 57 line.Y1 = y; 58 line.X2 = x; 59 line.Y2 = height; 60 line.Stroke = Brushes.LightGray; 61 line.StrokeThickness = 1; 62 this.right.Children.Add(line); 63 x = x + 10; 64 } 65 } 66 67 private void rectangle_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 68 { 69 SquareControl squareControl = new SquareControl(); 70 this.right.Children.Add(squareControl); 71 } 72 73 private void rhombus_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 74 { 75 RhombusControl rhombusControl = new RhombusControl(); 76 this.right.Children.Add(rhombusControl); 77 } 78 79 private void line_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 80 { 81 LineArrowControl lineArrowControl = new LineArrowControl(); 82 this.right.Children.Add(lineArrowControl); 83 } 84 85 private void circle_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 86 { 87 CircleControl circleControl = new CircleControl(); 88 this.right.Children.Add(circleControl); 89 } 90 } 91 }
示例截图
示例基础截图如下所示:
备注
以上示例只是基础,功能并不完善,旨在抛砖引玉,共同学习,一起进步,希望可以对大家有所启发。
贺新郎·九日
少年自负凌云笔。到而今、春华落尽,满怀萧瑟。
作者:老码识途
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/hsiang/
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