C# 子类与父类互转注意项
昨晚在处理父类与子类相互转换时,想把父类转换子类对象,发现编译不通过 ,类定义如下:
public interface IPeople { int Age { get; set; } string Name { get; set; } } public class People : IPeople { public int Age { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } public string Name { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public class Student : People { }
测试代码:
IPeople p = new People(); Student stu = (Student)p;
这里, People 继承 IPeople , Student 继承 People , 即 Student 是 People 子类 , 先创建父类对象,原后强转子类,运行报错:
如上,换个方式, Student , People 均继承 IPeople , 试试看:
public class People : IPeople { public int Age { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } public string Name { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public class Student : IPeople { public int Age { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } public string Name { get => throw new NotImplementedException(); set => throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
一样报错:
这里 Student 与 People 均继承 IPeople , 仍报错 , Student 与 People 不能互相转换,但二者可以转成 IPeople ,做为通用方法传参使用。
如:
static void Print(IPeople p) { Console.WriteLine($"age:{p.Age}"); Console.WriteLine($"name:{p.Name}"); }
另一种合法转换,如子类转父类是充许的,在如上第一示例基础上,运行如下测试代码,一切正常:
IPeople p = new Student(); Student stu = (Student)p;
这里可以推测 在内存中 创建(New Student()) 对象,本质上就是 Student , 同理 创建 (New People()) 对象,本质上就是 People , 之所以子类能够转换父类,只是逻辑层转换(内存结构不变),因为子类继承父类所有功能属性。逻辑层面,子类转成父类后,能够像调用父类方法一样调用子类。
由于父类无法转换子类,因此只能自个写一些转换逻辑,比如 在子类构造中 传入父类对象,显示将父类属性copy 至子类,考虑到 copy 繁琐 , 可借助反射属性方式 自动同步。
public class People : IPeople { public int Age { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } public class Student : People { public Student() { } public Student(People peo) { SynchronizationProperties(peo, this); } void SynchronizationProperties(object src , object des) { Type srcType = src.GetType(); object val; foreach (var item in srcType.GetProperties()) { val = item.GetValue(src); item.SetValue(des, val ); } } }
调用代码:
//创建父类对象 People p = new People() { Age = 18, Name = "张三" }; //将父类对象传入子类,Copy 公共属性 Student stu = new Student(p); Console.WriteLine($"Name:{stu.Name} , Age:{stu.Age}");
输出结果: