跟我做:Javascript 下的日历控件(Calendar)
右侧是该控件的示范应用,朋友们可点击试用: | 下载源码(20080824) |
曾经,我发布过《几个Javascript类》,得到部分朋友的支持;有道是,授之予鱼,不如授之予渔。同时结合朋友们的评价,我对该日历控件做了兼容性检查,已经“基本”支持火狐浏览器应用了;遗留一个小问题,火狐下面“日”提取有问题,不知道有兴趣的朋友能不能在读完本文后自己动手修正该漏洞(提示:火狐不支持 element.innerText,但支持 innerHTML :))。
每个人都是从“不会”到“会”(或者,从无到有)走过来的。当初为了这样一个在静态 html 文件可应用的轻量级控件,找了不少站点。源于自己出身于 c#,故在应用方式上做了类 c# 包装。
先谈怎么应用,然后说我是怎么实现的。以下是我在源码包中的演示代码:
- function CalendarDemon(){
- /// <summary>
- /// 如何使用 Calendar 类的演示代码. 参见代码 JsLibrary/Html/Calendar.js.
- /// 请尊重作者劳动, 引用需注明出处.
- /// Howard.Queen@hotmail.com, 2008-07-03.
- /// http://howard-queen.cnblogs.com/
- /// </summary>
- //全局变量
- window.myCalendar = null; //日历控件
- window.currentDay = null; //当前选择日期
- window.myTextBox = null; //当前显示日期的控件
- window.DayChangedCallback = null;//日历选择日期的回调方法
- window.MyCalendarPerforms = null;//激活日历的方法, 通过显示控件的相关事件调用
- //日历选择日期的回调方法
- DayChangedCallback = function(sender, args){
- try{
- currentDay = args;
- myTextBox.value = currentDay.GetText("年", "月", "日");//输出所选日期. 自定义日期序列化.
- //myCalendar.Hidden();//掩藏控件
- }
- catch(e){
- alert(e.message);
- }
- }
- //激活日历的方法
- MyCalendarPerforms = function(textBox){
- try{
- if(myCalendar.IsVisible())
- myCalendar.Hidden();//掩藏控件
- else{
- if(myTextBox.value != '')//注意: myTextBox == textBox
- currentDay.FromText(myTextBox.value, "年", "月", "日");//获取已有日期. 注意根据日期的格式, 让系统进行反序列.
- myCalendar.Show(myTextBox, currentDay);//设置日历显示日期. Show(sender, currentDay), 日历将显示在 sender 附近, 初始化时显示 currentDay.
- }
- }
- catch(e){
- alert(e.message);
- }
- }
- //日历显示容器
- document.write("<div id='calendarPannel' style='position:absolute; z-index:1; dispay:none;'></div>");
- var pannel = document.getElementById('calendarPannel');
- //日期显示绑定的控件
- document.write('<input id="myTextBox" type="text" onclick="javascript:MyCalendarPerforms(this);" />');
- myTextBox = document.getElementById('myTextBox');
- //本地化, 缺省为英文
- var months = new CalendarMonths(["一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月", "九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月"]);
- var weekdays = new CalendarWeekDays(["日","一","二","三","四","五","六"]);
- //设置初始日期. 缺省参数则为今天.
- currentDay = new CalendarDay();//currentDay = new CalendarDay(2008, 5, 12);
- //创建日历控件. 注意自定义日历显示位置的位移差, 此处用了(5, -150).
- myCalendar = new Calendar('myCalendar', pannel, DayChangedCallback, 5, -150, currentDay, months, weekdays);
- }
应用它涉及到 5 个关键全局变量的定义。该控件实例,当前所选择的日期实例,显示当前日期的绑定控件,日期选择后的回调函数以及激活日历的方法。月份等显示支持本地化设置,甚至当前日期的输出也支持本地化。
“揭密该控件的实现内幕”:
- /// <reference path="Tooltip.js"/>
- function Calendar(Id, pannel, SelectedDayChangedEvent, toper, lefter, selectedDay, calendarMonths, calendarWeekDays){
- /// <summary>
- /// 日期选择控件. 月份从 1 开始.使用方法参见示例代码 JsDemons/Html/CalendarDemon.js.
- /// 参考版本《日期选择 - BY ziyue, By Jiang Hongbin等》.
- /// <see cref="http://web-v.com/article.asp?id=3"/>
- /// <seealso cref="http://web-v.com/trackback.asp?tbID=3&action=addtb&tbKey=2fefac8959f18cceb46771512eff082b27e97c09"/>
- /// 请尊重作者劳动, 引用需注明出处.
- /// Howard.Queen@hotmail.com, 2008-07-03.
- /// http://howard-queen.cnblogs.com/
- /// 2008-07-10
- /// 1, 修改 node.innerText 为 node.innerHTML. 完美支持 Firefox.
- /// 2, 添加年份无上下限功能.
- /// 3, 添加当前所选日期亮显功能.
- /// 4, 更改了自定义日期序列化与反序列化, 使得更加友好.
- /// 5, 采用显示缓存策略以提高性能.
- /// 6, 一些方法的命名更改.
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="Id" type="string">当前控件名称.</param>
- /// <param name="pannel" type="control">显示容器.</param>
- /// <param name="SelectedDayChangedEvent" type="event">选择日期更改事件.</param>
- /// <param name="selectedDay" type="CalendarDay">所选日期.</param>
- /// <param name="calendarMonths" type="CalendarMonths">月名称.</param>
- /// <param name="calendarWeekDays" type="CalendarWeekDays">周中日名称.</param>
- this._Init(Id, pannel, SelectedDayChangedEvent, toper, lefter, selectedDay, calendarMonths, calendarWeekDays);
- }
- Calendar.prototype = {
- _Init: function(Id, pannel, SelectedDayChangedEvent, toper, lefter, selectedDay, calendarMonths, calendarWeekDays){
- },
- _DrawCallback: function(sender, args){
- /// <summary>回调显示.</summary>
- },
- _Render: function(temp){
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _RenderYear: function(temp){
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _RenderMonth: function(temp){
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _RenderWeek: function(temp){
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _RenderDay: function(temp){
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _OnCurrentDayChanging: function(dayCell){
- },
- _Refresh: function(year, month) {
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _CreateCalenday: function(year, month) {
- /// <summary>[私有]</summary>
- },
- _OnYearChanging: function(sender, args){
- },
- _OnMonthChanging: function(sender, args){
- },
- _OnDayChanging: function(sender, args){
- },
- IsVisible: function(){
- },
- Hidden: function(){
- },
- Show: function(sender, args){
- }
- }
- function CalendarDay(year, month, day){
- /// <summary>Calendar中的日期.</summary>
- this._Init(year, month, day);
- }
- CalendarDay.prototype = {
- _daysCountOfMonths: new Array(31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31),
- _Init: function(year, month, day){
- },
- _GetSubNumber: function(string, head, tail){
- },
- CheckDate: function(year, month, day){
- /// <summary>检查日期合法性.</summary>
- /// <param name="year" type="int">年份.</summary>
- /// <param name="month" type="int">月份.</summary>
- /// <param name="day" type="int">月中日数.</summary>
- /// <returns>是否合法.</returns>
- },
- GetDayInWeek: function(){
- },
- IsLeapYear: function(year){
- /// <summary>是否闰年</summary>
- /// <param name="year" type="int">年份.</param>
- /// <returns>是否闰年.</returns>
- },
- GetMonthDays: function(year, month){
- /// <summary>获取月的天数</summary>
- /// <param name="year" type="int">年份.</param>
- /// <param name="month" type="int">月份.</param>
- /// <returns>天数.</returns>
- },
- FromText: function(text, yearCaption, monthCaption, dayCaption){
- /// <summary>设置选定日期.</summary>
- /// <param name="text" type="string">日期表达式, 顺序为年、月、日.</summary>
- },
- GetText: function(yearCaption, monthCaption, dayCaption){
- /// <summary>获取选定日期.</summary>
- },
- GetLocalMonth: function(calendarMonths){
- },
- GetLocalWeekDay: function(calendarWeekDays){
- }
- }
- function CalendarMonths(names){
- /// <summary>月枚举.</summary>
- /// <param name="names" type="Array">月自定义名称数组.</param>
- }
- function CalendarWeekDays(names){
- /// <summary>周中日枚举.</summary>
- /// <param name="names" type="Array">周中日自定义名称数组.</param>
- }
如上所示,我将该控件分解为三个类进行实现,Calendar 只负责绘制子控件以及事件收集,CalendarDay 负责对时间进行核准、计算以及输出,剩下两个类似枚举的辅助类。对于 Tooltip,这是我早前包装的,不是为日历控件特制。这些都有别于原始素材(注意类 Calendar 注释中的 see 以及 seealso 部分),感兴趣的朋友可以就可复用性进行对比。
Calendar 只对外透露三个方法: Show(),Hidden(),IsVisible()。何时显示、何时掩藏,都由应用开发者定制,这给开发人员在不同场合的应用制造了便利。
在控件核心类 Calendar 的绘制算法上,我将年(_RenderYear())、月(_RenderMonth())、周(_RenderWeek())、日(_RenderDay())独立为方法进行输出,有利于代码的自说明,更方便朋友们的定制与修正。在后期的更新中,我在“年”下拉框上增加了“更多过去”与“更多将来”下拉选项,使得年份也不会拘泥于某个特定时间段,而扩展到了无限。而在显示控件(Show())时,为了防止大量重复计算,只在初次加载控件时进行绘制;但这造成一个小问题,用户当前输入框中的内容只在初始化会同步到控件,其他时刻,控件将忽略。如下代码:
- Show: function(sender, args){
- /// <summary>显示控件.</summary>
- /// <param name="sender" type="control">发送者.</param>
- /// <param name="args" type="CalendarDay">当前日期.</param>
- if(this._yearsSelect == undefined){//第一次加载. Tooltip 中有对当前控件的缓存, 因此这里没有必要重复计算.
- this.selectedDay = args;
- this.offsetTop = sender.offsetTop;
- this.offsetLeft = sender.offsetLeft;
- this.clientHeight = sender.clientHeight;
- this.clientWidth = sender.clientWidth;
- this._toolTip.Show(sender, this);
- this._yearsSelect = document.getElementById([this.Id, '_yearsSelect'].join(''));
- this._monthsSelect = document.getElementById([this.Id, '_monthsSelect'].join(''));
- this._daysTable = document.getElementById([this.Id, '_daysTable'].join(''));
- for (var weekIndex = 0, dayInWeek = 0; weekIndex < this._daysTable.rows.length; weekIndex++){
- for (; dayInWeek < this._daysTable.rows[weekIndex].cells.length; dayInWeek ++){
- cell = this._daysTable.rows[weekIndex].cells[dayInWeek];
- switch(dayInWeek){
- case 0://星期日
- cell.style.color = 'red';
- break;
- case 6://星期六
- cell.style.color = 'green';
- break;
- default://其他
- break;
- }
- }
- dayInWeek = 0;
- }
- this._CreateCalenday(this._yearsSelect.value, this._monthsSelect.value);
- }
- else{
- this._toolTip.Show(sender, this);
- }
- }
在日期类 CalendarDay 的设计上,针对日期的输出形式仍有较大开发空间。在后期的更新中,我只是简单的加了对年月日的重命名输出,以及对该输出的反向识别,但没有实现类 c# 的 ToString("yyMMdd") 等方法。看我的具体实现:
- FromText: function(text, yearCaption, monthCaption, dayCaption){
- /// <summary>设置选定日期.</summary>
- /// <param name="text" type="string">日期表达式, 顺序为年、月、日.</summary>
- if(text == undefined || text == null || text == ''){
- throw {name:"ArgumentNullException", message:"参数为空, 参数名 text."};
- }
- if(yearCaption == undefined || yearCaption == null || yearCaption == '')
- yearCaption = '-';
- if(monthCaption == undefined || monthCaption == null || monthCaption == '')
- monthCaption = '-';
- if(dayCaption == undefined || dayCaption == null)
- dayCaption = '';
- var year = parseInt(this._GetSubNumber(text, '', yearCaption));
- var month = parseInt(this._GetSubNumber(text, yearCaption, monthCaption));
- var day = parseInt(this._GetSubNumber(text, monthCaption, dayCaption));
- this.CheckDate(year, month, day);
- this.year = year;
- this.month = month;
- this.day = day;
- this._dayInWeek = -1;
- },
- GetText: function(yearCaption, monthCaption, dayCaption){
- /// <summary>获取选定日期.</summary>
- if(yearCaption == undefined || yearCaption == null || yearCaption == '')
- yearCaption = '-';
- if(monthCaption == undefined || monthCaption == null || monthCaption == '')
- monthCaption = '-';
- if(dayCaption == undefined || dayCaption == null)
- dayCaption = '';
- return [this.year, yearCaption, this.month, monthCaption, this.day, dayCaption].join('');
- },
开发过程的乐趣在于,你所做的给自己或者别人带来了一些便利;对于学习开发的入门兄弟来说更是如此。总是说程序员大概都是懒人,能复用的代码,绝不写第二遍;有些人甚至因此偏执于搞复用:用最少的现有代码,延用过去做好的“控件”。但能否在各种场景下复用,就看你对经验的总结了。
虽然都是小把戏,但还是善意的提醒朋友们:将一个计算过程分滩给多个方法,每个方法短而功能明确,这对以后追加功能或是查找漏洞都会很有帮助。什么时候,我能把设计模式给搞透?