使用PowerMockito和Mockito进行模拟测试,包括静态方法测试,私有方法测试等,以及方法执行的坑或者模拟不成功解决
一 普通spring项目
依赖:这个很重要,不同版本用法也有点区别:
<dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId> <version>2.0.2-beta</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId> <version>1.7.4</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId> <version>1.7.4</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
接下来就是mock测试了,使用完全模拟测试过程,对于需要测试接口中调用的静态,私有方法等,返回自己想要的预期结果,达到测试效果:
这里有几个要点:
测试过程中完全手动mock,不会真实调用或者产生数据
一 mock对象
order = mock(Order.class); user = mock(User.class);
二 属性注入
将service等类中需要的其他service或者mapper等mock出来,然后分别使用工具类注入,名称保持一致即可
roomTypeService = mock(RoomTypeServiceImpl.class);
ticketComponetService = mock(TicketComponetServiceImpl.class);
hotelMapper = mock(HotelMapper.class);
//注入属性
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "hotelGroupMapper", hotelGroupMapper);
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "dsUtils", dsUtils);
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderService, "orderMapper", orderMapper);
三 静态方法mock
模拟静态方法返回结果需要使用PowerMockit,测试类上必须加注解@PrepareForTest
//account 获取stub
PowerMockito.mockStatic(Account.class);
Mockito.when(Account.get(anyString(), anyString(), anyString(), anyInt())).thenReturn(account);
四 私有方法
私有方法首先需要在类上加入注解,对于要测试的类中的public方法同样有效,比如测试方法中包含一个public方法,可以同样模拟:
@PrepareForTest(ConsumptionServiceImpl.class) //里面写需要模拟私有方法的类class 然后对象不能mock,必须new一个,并且需要用spy处理: orderService = PowerMockito.spy(new OrderServiceImpl());
接着使用doreturn .when这种形式模式,不能使用先when后return这种,会报错
注意一点,模拟参数要么全部模拟,要么全部自定义,不能混搭
这里有个大坑,如果出现私有方法还是进去执行的情况,很大可能是参数不对,比如你mock的参数是 anyString(),那么你真是测试时候传递的必须是一个String实例,不能是null,否则mock就会失败,我这里之前一直是对象的一个属性,直接new了一个对象传递
所以一直不成功:
比如 方法需要的是user.getId() ,而且你mock的是一个anyInt(),那么真正传递的时候必须给这个user,setId(9527),否则就无法达成预期的模拟效果,所有方法都一样!!
try {
// 方法名,方法参数,必须全部对应,否则报错方法找不到
PowerMockito.doReturn(1).when(orderService, "dateListMinBook",anyString(),anyString(),any(RoomType.class),anyString(),anyString());
PowerMockito.doReturn(ResponseMessage.success().pushData("dateRoomTypeList",new ArrayList<DateRoomType>())).when(orderService, "eachDateNumAndPrice",any(Order.class),any(RoomType.class),anyBoolean(),anyInt(),anyString(),any(User.class));
PowerMockito.doReturn("2000").when(orderService, "getKeeptimeByWxcidAndHotelidAndLevel",anyString(),anyString(),anyString());
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(orderService, "getPayWay",any(),any(),any(),any(),any());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
五 预期结果
verify :判断方法执行了几次: 确定测试是否通过
例如:verify(userService, times(1)).queryUser(any(anyInt(),anyString(),anyString());
二 springboot项目使用
1 依赖
<!-- S-junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2-beta</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-beta.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-beta.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-RC.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
<version>2.15.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
<version>3.12.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
<artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
<version>4.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- E-junit -->
2 创建测试基类
/** * 测试基类,所有子测试类继承此类即可 */ @PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class) @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.security.*"}) //忽略一些mock异常 @SpringBootTest public class TestBase { }
3 创建特定的测试类
public class HotelControllerTest extends TestBase { //继承基类即可 @Mock private HotelService hotelService; private Integer id; // 加载springContext进行mock测试,真实调用方法,不需要mock步骤 // @Autowired // private HotelController hotelController; // 纯mock测试,不加载springContext,执行mock操作,必须mock步骤,不会真实调用 @InjectMocks private HotelController hotelController=new HotelController(); // 应用到所有门店测试 @Test public void detailTest(){ System.out.println("test start....."); // 1 构造参数 ininParams(1); // 2 mock步骤 mockStep(); // 3 执行操作 ResponseMessage result = hotelController.detail(id); System.out.println(new Gson().toJson(result)); assertEquals(0, (int) result.getCode()); } private void mockStep() { when(hotelService.detail(anyInt())).thenReturn(ResponseMessage.success()); } private void ininParams(Integer type) { switch(type){ case 1: id=17317; break; case 2: id=2; break; default: break; } } }
4 模拟私有方法和静态方法
@PrepareForTest(OrderServiceImpl.class) // 需要调用私有或者静态方法的类 public class OrderControllerTest extends TestBase { private OrderServiceImpl orderServiceImpl; //需要调用私有或者静态方法时,不能使用@Mock,还需要@before初始化属性 @Mock private OrderMapper orderMapper; @Mock private RestTemplateUtil restTemplateUtil; private Integer orderId; private String wxcid; @Before public void init(){ //处理私有方法模拟实例 orderServiceImpl = PowerMockito.spy(new OrderServiceImpl()); //使用spy模拟的需要手动注入属性,因为什么都没有 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderController, "iOrderService", orderServiceImpl); ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderServiceImpl, "orderMapper", orderMapper); ReflectionTestUtils.setField(orderServiceImpl, "restTemplateUtil", restTemplateUtil); } //纯mock测试,不加载springContext,执行mock操作,必须mock步骤,不会真实调用 @InjectMocks private OrderController orderController=new OrderController(); @Test public void cancelTest(){ System.out.println("test start....."); // 1 构造参数 ininParams(); // 2 mock步骤 mockStep(); // 3 执行操作 ResponseMessage cancel = orderController.cancel(wxcid, orderId); assertEquals(0,(int)cancel.getCode()); } private void mockStep() { Order order = new Order(); order.setStatus(2); when(orderMapper.getOrderByOrderId(anyInt())).thenReturn(order); when(orderMapper.updateStatus(anyInt(),anyInt())).thenReturn(2); JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject(); jsonObject.addProperty("code",0); when(restTemplateUtil.postToCri(anyString(),anyString(),any())).thenReturn(jsonObject); //处理私有方法,必须用这种写法 try { PowerMockito.doNothing().when(orderServiceImpl, "returnTicketTouser", anyString(),any()); PowerMockito.doReturn(ErrorCode.SUCCESS).when(orderServiceImpl, "refoundAndGetCode", any(),any(),any(),any()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void ininParams() { wxcid="57af462dff475fe4644de32f08406aa8"; orderId=25864; } }
注意:
如果是分模块项目,springboot项目的启动类只能有一个,即需要把其他service,dao,common模块的启动类的启动注解给注释掉,否则测试启动会报错
