做开发主要的是业务逻辑,业务逻辑也就是代码加SQL语句，企业开发一部都是CRUD操作,但是我学了很久的SQL，就是看的懂不知道写,下面的SQL很有用
Student(Sid,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表
Course(Cid,Cname,Tid) 课程表
SC(Sid,Cid,score) 成绩表
Teacher(Tid,Tname) 教师表
create table student(
sno varchar2(10) primary key,
sname varchar2(20),
sage number(2),
ssex varchar2(5)
);
create table teacher(
tno varchar2(10) primary key,
tname varchar2(20)
);
create table course(
cno varchar2(10),
cname varchar2(20),
tno varchar2(20),
constraint pk_course primary key (cno,tno)
);
create table sc(
sno varchar2(10),
cno varchar2(10),
score number(4,2),
constraint pk_sc primary key (sno,cno)
);
/*******初始化学生表的数据******/
insert into student values ('s001','张三',23,'男');
insert into student values ('s002','李四',23,'男');
insert into student values ('s003','吴鹏',25,'男');
insert into student values ('s004','琴沁',20,'女');
insert into student values ('s005','王丽',20,'女');
insert into student values ('s006','李波',21,'男');
insert into student values ('s007','刘玉',21,'男');
insert into student values ('s008','萧蓉',21,'女');
insert into student values ('s009','陈萧晓',23,'女');
insert into student values ('s010','陈美',22,'女');
commit;
/******************初始化教师表***********************/
insert into teacher values ('t001', '刘阳');
insert into teacher values ('t002', '谌燕');
insert into teacher values ('t003', '胡明星');
commit;
/***************初始化课程表****************************/
insert into course values ('c001','J2SE','t002');
insert into course values ('c002','Java Web','t002');
insert into course values ('c003','SSH','t001');
insert into course values ('c004','Oracle','t001');
insert into course values ('c005','SQL SERVER 2005','t003');
insert into course values ('c006','C#','t003');
insert into course values ('c007','JavaScript','t002');
insert into course values ('c008','DIV+CSS','t001');
insert into course values ('c009','PHP','t003');
insert into course values ('c010','EJB3.0','t002');
commit;
/***************初始化成绩表***********************/
insert into sc values ('s001','c001',78.9);
insert into sc values ('s002','c001',80.9);
insert into sc values ('s003','c001',81.9);
insert into sc values ('s004','c001',60.9);
insert into sc values ('s001','c002',82.9);
insert into sc values ('s002','c002',72.9);
insert into sc values ('s003','c002',81.9);
insert into sc values ('s001','c003','59');
commit;
练习内容：
1.查询“某1”课程比“某2”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；
SELECT a.sid FROM (SELECT sid,score FROM SC WHERE cid=1) a,(SELECT sid,score FROM SC WHERE cid=3) b WHERE a.score>b.score AND a.sid=b.sid;
此题知识点，嵌套查询和给查出来的表起别名
2.查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；
SELECT sid,avg(score) FROM sc GROUP BY sid having avg(score) >60;
此题知识点，GROUP BY 语句用于结合合计函数，根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。group by后面不能接where，having代替了where
3.查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
SELECT Student.sid,Student.Sname,count(SC.cid),sum(score)FROM Student left Outer JOIN SC on Student.sid=SC.cid GROUP BY Student.sid,Sname
4.查询姓“李”的老师的个数；
select count(teacher.tid)from teacher where teacher.tname like'李%'
5.查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；
SELECT Student.sid,Student.Sname FROM Student WHERE sid not in (SELECT distinct( SC.sid) FROM SC,Course,Teacher WHERE SC.cid=Course.cid AND Teacher.id=Course.tid AND Teacher.Tname='叶平');
此题知识点，distinct是去重的作用
6.查询学过“```”并且也学过编号“```”课程的同学的学号、姓名；
select a.SID,a.SNAME from (select student.SNAME,student.SID from student,course,sc where cname='c++'and sc.sid=student.sid and sc.cid=course.cid) a,
(select student.SNAME,student.SID from student,course,sc where cname='english'and sc.sid=student.sid and sc.cid=course.cid) b where a.sid=b.sid;
标准答案（但是好像不好使）SELECT Student.S#,Student.Sname FROM Student,SC WHERE Student.S#=SC.S# AND SC.C#='001'and exists( SELECT * FROM SC as SC_2 WHERE SC_2.S#=SC.S# AND SC_2.C#='002');
此题知识点，exists是在集合里找数据，as就是起别名
7.查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；
select a.sid,a.sname from (select student.sid,student.sname from student,teacher,course,sc
where teacher.TNAME='杨巍巍' and teacher.tid=course.tid and course.cid=sc.cid and student.sid=sc.sid) a
标准答案：SELECT sid,Sname FROM Student WHERE sid in (SELECT sid FROM SC ,Course ,Teacher WHERE SC.cid=Course.cid AND Teacher.tid=Course.tid AND Teacher.Tname='杨巍巍' GROUP BY sid having count(SC.cid)=(SELECT count(cid) FROM Course,Teacher WHERE Teacher.tid=Course.tid AND Tname='杨巍巍'))
8.查询课程编号“”的成绩比课程编号“”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；
select a.sid,a.sname from(select student.SID,student.sname,sc.SCORE from student,sc where student.sid=sc.sid and sc.cid=1) a,
(select student.SID,student.sname,sc.score from student,sc where student.sid=sc.sid and sc.cid=2) b where a.score<b.score and a.sid=b.sid
标准答案：SELECT sid,Sname FROM (SELECT Student.sid,Student.Sname,score ,
(SELECT score FROM SC SC_2 WHERE SC_2.sid=Student.sid AND SC_2.cid=1) score2 FROM Student,SC
WHERE Student.sid=SC.sid AND cid=1) S_2 WHERE score2 <score;
9.查询所有课程成绩小于分的同学的学号、姓名；
SELECT sid,Sname FROM Student WHERE sid not in (SELECT Student.sid FROM Student,SC WHERE Student.sid=SC.sid AND score>60);
此题知识点，先查出大于60分的，然后not in 就是小于60分的了
10.查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；
SELECT Student.sid,Student.Sname FROM Student,SC
WHERE Student.sid=SC.sid GROUP BY Student.sid,Student.Sname having count(cid) <(SELECT count(cid) FROM Course);
11.查询至少有一门课与学号为“”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；
12.查询至少学过学号为“”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名；
SELECT student.sid,student.Sname FROM Student,SC WHERE Student.sid=SC.sid AND cid in (SELECT cid FROM SC WHERE sid=1)
此题知识点，SELECT sid,Sname FROM Student,SC WHERE Student.sid=SC.sid AND cid in (SELECT cid FROM SC WHERE sid=1)这样写是错误的，因为from后面是两个表，不能明确是哪个表里面的sid和sname所以错误提示是“未明确定义列”
13.把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；
update sc set score=(select avg(score) from sc,course,teacher where course.cid=sc.cid and course.tid=teacher.tid and teacher.tname='杨巍巍')
14.查询和“”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；
SELECT sid FROM SC WHERE cid in (SELECT cid FROM SC WHERE sid=6) GROUP BY sid having count(*)=(SELECT count(*) FROM SC WHERE sid=6);
此题知识点，用数量来判断
15.删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；
delete from sc s where s.cid in (select c.cid from teacher t,course c where t.tid = c.tid and tname='李子')
此题知识点，嵌套查询可以分布考虑，先查出李子老师都交了什么课的id，然后再删除那些id的值
16.向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“”课程的同学学号、课程的平均成绩；
Insert into SC SELECT sid,2,(SELECT avg(score) FROM SC WHERE cid=2) FROM Student WHERE sid not in (SELECT sid FROM SC WHERE cid=2);
17.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示：学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分；(没做出来)
18.查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分；
select cid as 课程号,max(score)as 最高分,min(score) as 最低分 from sc group by cid
标准答案（但是运行不好使）SELECT L.cid As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
FROM SC L ,SC AS R
WHERE L.cid = R.cid AND
L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
WHERE L.cid = IL.cid AND IM.sid=IL.sid
GROUP BY IL.cid)
AND R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score) FROM SC AS IR WHERE R.cid = IR.cid GROUP BY IR.cid );
19.按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
26.查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select sc.cid,count(sc.sid) from sc,course where sc.cid=course.cid group by sc.cid
27.查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT SC.sid,Student.Sname,count(cid) AS 选课数 FROM SC ,Student
WHERE SC.sid=Student.sid GROUP BY SC.sid ,Student.Sname having count(cid)=1;
32.查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列
SELECT Cid,Avg(score) FROM SC GROUP BY cid ORDER BY Avg(score),cid DESC ;
37.查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列
SELECT cid,sid FROM sc WHERE score <60 ORDER BY cid
38.查询课程编号为且课程成绩在分以上的学生的学号和姓名；
select student.sid,student.sname from sc,student where sc.cid=1 and sc.score>60 and sc.sid=student.sid
40.查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
select student.sname,sc.score from sc,student,teacher,course c where teacher.tname='李子'
and teacher.tid=c.tid and c.cid=sc.cid and sc.sid=student.sid and sc.score=(select max(score)from sc where sc.cid=c.cid)
41.查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
select sc.cid ,count(sc.sid)from sc,student where sc.sid=student.sid group by sc.cid
43.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
44.统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
select sc.cid,count(sc.cid)from sc,course where sc.cid=course.cid group by sc.cid order by sc.cid desc
45.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT sid FROM sc group by sid having count(*) > = 2
rownum的用法
查询所有成绩第二名到第四名的成绩
select * from （select rownum p,t.score from（SELECT s.score score FROM sc s ORDER BY score desc）t ）tt where tt.p>1 and tt.p<5
47.查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select distinct sid from sc where sid not in(select sc.sid from sc,course,teacher where sc.cid=course.cid and course.tid=teacher.tid and
teacher.tname='杨巍巍')
48.查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
49.检索“”课程分数小于，按分数降序排列的同学学号
select sc.sid from sc,course where sc.cid=course.cid and course.cname='java' and sc.score<90
50.删除“”同学的“”课程的成绩
delete from sc where sid=1 and cid=1
