C++ 如何有效地使用对话框
Q:如何在对话框中加入工具条
在 OnInitDialog 中加入下面代码：
BOOL CYourDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
// Create the toolbar. To understand the meaning of the styles used, you
// can take a look at the MSDN for the Create function of the CToolBar class.
ToolBar.Create(this, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | CBRS_TOP | CBRS_TOOLTIPS |CBRS_FLYBY | CBRS_BORDER_BOTTOM);
// I have assumed that you have named your toolbar''s resource as IDR_TOOLBAR1.
// If you have given it a different name, change the line below to accomodate
// that by changing the parameter for the LoadToolBar function.
ToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_TOOLBAR1);
CRect rcClientStart;
CRect rcClientNow;
GetClientRect(rcClientStart);
// To reposition and resize the control bar
RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST, AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,0, reposQuery, rcClientNow);
CPoint ptOffset(rcClientNow.left - rcClientStart.left,rcClientNow.top-rcClientStart.top);
CRect rcChild;
CWnd* pwndChild = GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
while (pwndChild)
{
pwndChild->GetWindowRect(rcChild);
ScreenToClient(rcChild);
rcChild.OffsetRect(ptOffset);
pwndChild->MoveWindow(rcChild, FALSE);
pwndChild = pwndChild->GetNextWindow();
}
CRect rcWindow;
GetWindowRect(rcWindow);
rcWindow.right += rcClientStart.Width() - rcClientNow.Width();
rcWindow.bottom += rcClientStart.Height() - rcClientNow.Height();
MoveWindow(rcWindow, FALSE);
// And position the control bars
RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST, AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST, 0);
return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
}
Q:如何改变对话框的形状？
可用下面一些函数：
CreatePolygonRgn
CreateRectRgn
CreateRoundRectRgn 等.
CRgn m_rgn; // Put this in your dialog''s header file. i.e. a member variable
// This Gets the size of the Dialog: This piece of code is to be placed in the
// OnInitDialog Function of your dialog.
CRect rcDialog
GetClientRect(rcDialog);
// The following code Creates the area and assigns it to your Dialog
m_rgn.CreateEllipticRgn(0, 0, rcDialog.Width(), rcDialogHeight());
SetWindowRgn(GetSafeHwnd(), (HRGN) m_rgn, TRUE);
Q：如何实现非客户区移动？
可用下面二种方法
// Handler for WM_LBUTTONDOWN message
void CYourDialog::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
CDialog::OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);
PostMessage( WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, HTCAPTION, MAKELPARAM( point.x, point.y));
}
// Handler for WM_NCHITTEST message
LONG CYourDialog::OnNcHitTest( UINT uParam, LONG lParam )
{
int xPos = LOWORD(lParam);
int yPos = HIWORD(lParam);
UINT nHitTest = CDialog::OnNcHitTest(CSize(xPos, yPos));
return (nHitTest == HTCLIENT) ? HTCAPTION : nHitTest;
}
Q:如何使对话框初始为最小化状态？
在 OnInitDialog 中加入下面代码：
SendMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MAXIMIZE, NULL);
Q:如何限定对话框大小范围？
在 WM_SIZING中加入下面代码：
void CYourDialog::OnSizing(UINT fwSide, LPRECT pRect)
{
if(pRect->right - pRect->left <=200)
pRect->right = pRect->left + 200;
if(pRect->bottom - pRect->top <=200)
pRect->bottom = pRect->top + 200;
CDialog::OnSizing(fwSide, pRect);
}
Q:如何在对话框中加入状态条？
定义 CStatusBar 变量：
CStatusBar m_StatusBar;
定义状态条指定状态：
static UINT BASED_CODE indicators[] =
{
ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,
ID_INDICATOR_NUM
};
在 OnInitDialog 中加入下面代码：
m_StatusBar.CreateEx(this,SBT_TOOLTIPS,WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|CBRS_BOTTOM,AFX_IDW_STATUS_BAR);
// Set the indicators namely caps and nums lock status
m_StatusBar.SetIndicators(indicators,sizeof(indicators)/sizeof(UINT));
CRect rect;
GetClientRect(&rect);
m_StatusBar.SetPaneInfo(0,ID_INDICATOR_CAPS,SBPS_NORMAL,rect.Width()/2);
m_StatusBar.SetPaneInfo(1,ID_INDICATOR_NUM,SBPS_STRETCH ,rect.Width()/2);
RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST,AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,ID_INDICATOR_NUM);
m_StatusBar.GetStatusBarCtrl().SetBkColor(RGB(180,180,180));
Q. 如何有效地使初始窗口不显示
当我们想让窗口初始时不显示时，通常会用ShowWindow(SW_HIDE) ,但实际上还是在启动是可以看到窗口一闪而过的痕迹。所以，可以使用下面的方法来实现它：
(1.1)先在构造函数中设置布乐变量 visible值为false.
visible = false;
(1.2)重载 WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING，并添加下面代码：
void CTest_deleteDlg::OnWindowPosChanging(WINDOWPOS FAR* lpwndpos)
{
if(!visible)
lpwndpos->flags &= ~SWP_SHOWWINDOW;
CDialog::OnWindowPosChanging(lpwndpos);
}
(1.3)然后设布尔visible变量值为true，并在要显示窗口时，再用ShowWindow(SW_SHOW)既可。
visible = true;
ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);
Q. 对话框的全屏显示
对话框的全屏显示可以在OnInitDialog()中用 SetWindowPos 和 HWND_TOPMOST 来实现对话框的重新大小。
BOOL CFullScrDlgDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
//...
int cx, cy;
HDC dc = ::GetDC(NULL);
cx = GetDeviceCaps(dc,HORZRES) +
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER);
cy = GetDeviceCaps(dc,VERTRES) +
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER);
::ReleaseDC(0,dc);
//去除标题和边框
SetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE,
GetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE) &
(~(WS_CAPTION | WS_BORDER)));
// 置对话框为最顶端并扩充到整个屏幕
::SetWindowPos(m_hWnd, HWND_TOPMOST,
-(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER)+1),
-(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER)+1),
cx+1,cy+1, SWP_NOZORDER);
//...
return TRUE;
}
Q. 如何在2K/xp下使窗口获取焦点
在2K/XP下我们可以用 AttachThreadInput 和SetForegroundWindow来有效的获取焦点。
//捕捉并设置当前焦点窗口为我们的窗口
AttachThreadInput(
GetWindowThreadProcessId(
::GetForegroundWindow(),NULL),
GetCurrentThreadId(),TRUE);
//置我们的为焦点窗口
SetForegroundWindow();
SetFocus();
//释放thread
AttachThreadInput(
GetWindowThreadProcessId(
::GetForegroundWindow(),NULL),
GetCurrentThreadId(),FALSE);
Q. 使你的对话框位于最顶端
可以直接在 OnInitDialog()中用SetWindowPos来实现。
SetWindowPos(&this->wndTopMost,0,0,0,0,SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE);
5. 如何动态放大/缩小对话框
还是可以用SetWindowPos或MoveWindow来实现它。
void CTest_deleteDlg::OnMakeSmall()
{
SetWindowPos(NULL,0,0,200,200,SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOMOVE);
}
void CTest_deleteDlg::OnExpand()
{
SetWindowPos(NULL,0,0,500,300,SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOMOVE);
}
或:
//伸、缩在IDC_DYCREDITS和IDC_COPYRIGHT两STATIC控件间，做为分隔线
BOOL CAbout::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
//"关于"对话框中对话框可收缩效果
CRect Rect1,Rect2; //对话框收缩时大小
GetDlgItem(IDC_DYCREDITS)->GetWindowRect(Rect1);
GetDlgItem(IDC_COPYRIGHT)->GetWindowRect(Rect2);
m_nReducedHeight = Rect1.Height()+(Rect1.top -Rect2.bottom)/2; //收缩后窗体高度
dlgRect.bottom -= (Rect1.Height()+(Rect1.top -Rect2.bottom)/2);
MoveWindow(&dlgRect); //如果要显示对话框起始动态效果的话，不能使用该句
m_bVertical=false; //默认收缩对话框
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------
// 名称: OnMore
// 功能: 是否允许显示
// 变量: 无
// 返回: 无
// 编写: 徐景周，2002.4.8
// ---------------------------------------------------------
void CAbout::OnMore()
{
m_bVertical = !m_bVertical;
if(m_bVertical == FALSE) //不显示
{
SetDlgItemText(ID_MORE,_T("更多>>"));
SizeWindow(m_nReducedHeight,true);
// m_DyCredits.EndScrolling(); //停止滚动
}
else //显示
{
SetDlgItemText(ID_MORE,_T("<<隐藏"));
SizeWindow(m_nReducedHeight,false);
m_DyCredits.StartScrolling(); //开始滚动
}
UpdateWindow();
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------
// 名称: SizeWindow
// 功能: 伸展或收缩对话框
// 变量: ReduceHeight-收缩高度，bExtend-是否伸展
// 返回: 无
// 编写: 徐景周，2002.4.8
// ---------------------------------------------------------
void CAbout::SizeWindow(int ReduceHeight, bool bExtend)
{
CRect rc;
GetWindowRect(&rc);
if(bExtend)
{
for (int i= 0; i < ReduceHeight; i++)
{
rc.bottom--;
MoveWindow(&rc);
}
}
else
{
for (int i= 0; i < ReduceHeight; i++)
{
rc.bottom++;
MoveWindow(&rc);
}
}
}
Q. 如何让对话框回到屏幕中来
当对话框被拖离屏幕时，可用下面代码使其回到屏幕中。
SendMessage(DM_REPOSITION);
注：它必须是顶端窗口且不是child窗口。
Q. 如何给对话框添加或去掉最大/最小化按钮
在OnCreate()或OnInitDialog() 改变其显示风格既可。
int CTest_deleteDlg::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{
if (CDialog::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
return -1;
// TODO: Add your specialized creation code here
SetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd,GWL_STYLE,
GetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd,GWL_STYLE) |
WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
return 0;
}
或用：
ModifyStyle (NULL, WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
Q. 改变鼠标指针
可以在OnSetCursor中实现.
BOOL CTest_deleteDlg::OnSetCursor(CWnd* pWnd, UINT nHitTest, UINT message)
{
// TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default
SetCursor(AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_UPARROW));
// Now we return instead of calling the base class
return 0;
// return CDialog::OnSetCursor(pWnd, nHitTest, message);
}
Q. 改变对话框的前景和背景色
可以在InitInstance()中实现。
//红色背景、绿色前景
SetDialogBkColor(RGB(255,0,0),RGB(0,255,0));
Q. 在任务条上不显示图标
先从CWinApp继承类中建立一个不显示的顶级窗口.
CFrameWnd *abc=new CFrameWnd();
abc->Create(0,0,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW);
CNoTaskBarIconDlg dlg(abc);
m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
}
delete abc;
在 OnInitDialog中修改显示风格 WS_EX_APPWINDOW.
BOOL CNoTaskBarIconDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
ModifyStyleEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW,0);
SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon
SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon
// TODO: Add extra initialization here
return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
}
Q. 加入上、下文帮助
在 OnInitDialog 修改显示风格，加入上、下文HLP帮助显示.
BOOL HelpDialog::OnInitDialog()
{
ModifyStyleEx(0, WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP);
return CDialog::OnInitDialog();
}
重载OnHelpInfo(...)，用显示相关帮助信息
BOOL HelpDialog::OnHelpInfo(HELPINFO* pHelpInfo)
{
short state = GetKeyState (VK_F1);
if (state < 0) // F1 key is down, get help for the dialog
return CDialog::OnHelpInfo(pHelpInfo);
else
{ // F1 key not down, get help for specific control
if (pHelpInfo->dwContextId)
WinHelp (pHelpInfo->dwContextId,
HELP_CONTEXTPOPUP);
return TRUE;
}
}
