名词
表示人，东西，地方 -> 名词
1. 名词的帽子
冠词
a girl 一个女孩
the girl 这个女孩
a city 一个城市
the city 这个城市
2. 名词的单复数
人 -> 人们
我 -> 我们
a girl -> girls
规则1： 以s\sh\x\ch 结尾 + es
a bus -> buses, a brush -> brushes, a box -> boxes, a bench -> benches
本质： 规则的制定，是为了解决读音的问题
规则2： 以f\ fe结尾，变f\fe 为ves
a wife -> wives, a shelf -> shelves, a knife -> knives, a leaf -> leaves
特殊：
a roof -> roofs, a cliff -> cliffs, a proof -> proofs, a chief -> a chiefs
a scarf -> scarfs/scarves, a handkerchief -> handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
规则3：辅音字母 + y结尾， 变y为i + es
a baby -> babies, a lady -> ladies, a city -> cities, a country -> countries
规则4：元音 + o结尾，+s\z\
a zoo -> zoos, a radio -> radios
辅音+o结尾，+es\z\
a hero -> heroes, a potato -> potatoes, a tomato -> tomatoes
规则5：不规则
a sheep -> sheep, a deer -> deer, an aircraft -> aircraft, a swine -> swine, a fish -> fish
a man - men, a woman - women, a tooth - teeth, a foot - feet, a goose - geese
a child - children, a mouse - mice, an ox - oxen, a phenomenon - phenomena, a formula - formulae
原因：有些词来源于其他语言
规则6：一般以复数形式出现
jeans， pants, shorts, pyjamas(pajamas), glasses
3. 可数和不可数
不可数： 不可以数的，不可以计算的名词
a. 液体状的：water\tea\coffee\milk\beer\rain\snow
b. 物质名词： soap\air\chocolate\rice
c. 抽象名词： love\friendship\enthusiasm\happiness\information
a piece of bread, a bar of soap, a bottle of ink, a tin of cola, a cup of coffee, a fit of anger, a spoon of sugar
two cups of coffee, two tins of cola
4. 所有格
这个东西是谁谁的 + (有生命的)'s
my mother's bag, Lucy's friend, the driver's phone number
the teachers' reading room
of(无生命的）
the color of the car, the name of the song, the advantage of the plan
双重所有格
名词+of+名词所有格\名词性物主代词
a play of Shakespeare's, a friend of my father's, a novel of the writer's
a friend of mine, a nephew of hers, a daughter of theirs
Mary and Alice's mother
Mr. Smith's and Mr.Black's cars
5. 性别
king - queen
wizard - witch
bridegroom - bride
cock - hen
landlord - landlady
-ess
god - goddess
prince - princess
actor - actress
heir - heiress
waiter - waitress
