颜色

1.颜色表示。  RGB数据可以用两种不同的结构来保存。

1.1D3DCOLOR，他实际与DWORD类型相同。32位，D3DCOLOR中的每一项占居一位。每位取值[0,255]。

用宏D3DCOLOR_ARGB和宏D3DCOLOR_XRGB来表示。

1.2D3DCOLORVALUE，在该结构中我们用单精度浮点数来表示每个颜色分量的亮度值。取值范围0~1。我们可以用D3DXCOLOR来替代D3DCOLORVALUE。

2.顶点颜色。 图元的颜色由构成改图元的顶点颜色来决定。相关标识D3DFVF_DIFFUSE.

3.着色。有两种着色模式：平面着色和高洛德着色。

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT); //平面着色

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);//高洛德着色

#ifndef __d3dUtilityH__
#define __d3dUtilityH__

#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <string>

namespace d3d
{
    bool InitD3D(
        HINSTANCE hInstance,       // [in] Application instance.
        int width, int height,     // [in] Backbuffer dimensions.
        bool windowed,             // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false).
        D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,     // [in] HAL or REF
        IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device.

    int EnterMsgLoop( 
        bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
        HWND hwnd,
        UINT msg, 
        WPARAM wParam,
        LPARAM lParam);

    template<class T> void Release(T t)
    {
        if( t )
        {
            t->Release();
            t = 0;
        }
    }
        
    template<class T> void Delete(T t)
    {
        if( t )
        {
            delete t;
            t = 0;
        }
    }

    const D3DXCOLOR      WHITE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255) );
    const D3DXCOLOR      BLACK( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0,   0,   0) );
    const D3DXCOLOR        RED( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,   0,   0) );
    const D3DXCOLOR      GREEN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0, 255,   0) );
    const D3DXCOLOR       BLUE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0,   0, 255) );
    const D3DXCOLOR     YELLOW( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255,   0) );
    const D3DXCOLOR       CYAN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0, 255, 255) );
    const D3DXCOLOR    MAGENTA( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,   0, 255) );
}

#endif // __d3dUtilityH__

#include "d3dUtility.h"

bool d3d::InitD3D(
    HINSTANCE hInstance,
    int width, int height,
    bool windowed,
    D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,
    IDirect3DDevice9** device)
{ 
    WNDCLASS wc;

    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc; 
    wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = 0;
    wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";

    if( !RegisterClass(&wc) ) 
    {
        ::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);
        return false;
    }
        
    HWND hwnd = 0;
    hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App", 
        WS_EX_TOPMOST,
        0, 0, width, height,
        0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/); 

    if( !hwnd )
    {
        ::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);
        return false;
    }

    ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    //
    // Init D3D: 
    //

    HRESULT hr = 0;

    // Step 1: Create the IDirect3D9 object.

    IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
    d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    if( !d3d9 )
    {
        ::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);
        return false;
    }

    // Step 2: Check for hardware vp.

    D3DCAPS9 caps;
    d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);

    int vp = 0;
    if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
        vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    else
        vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;

    // Step 3: Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure.
 
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;
    d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
    d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; 
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;
    d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; 
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;
    d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;
    d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
    d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

    // Step 4: Create the device.

    hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
        D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter
        deviceType,         // device type
        hwnd,               // window associated with device
        vp,                 // vertex processing
        &d3dpp,             // present parameters
        device);            // return created device

    if( FAILED(hr) )
    {
        // try again using a 16-bit depth buffer
        d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
        
        hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
            D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
            deviceType,
            hwnd,
            vp,
            &d3dpp,
            device);

        if( FAILED(hr) )
        {
            d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
            ::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);
            return false;
        }
    }

    d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
    
    return true;
}

int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) )
{
    MSG msg;
    ::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

    static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime(); 

    while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
    {
        if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else
        {    
            float currTime  = (float)timeGetTime();
            float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;

            ptr_display(timeDelta);

            lastTime = currTime;
        }
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

#include "d3dUtility.h"

IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0; 

const int Width  = 640;
const int Height = 480;

IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Triangle = 0; 
D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix;

struct Vertex
{
    Vertex(){}

    Vertex(float x, float y, float z,D3DCOLOR c)
    {
        _x = x;     _y = y;  _z = z;
        _c=c;
    }

    float _x, _y, _z;
    D3DCOLOR _c;

    static const DWORD FVF;
};
const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE;

//
// Framework Functions
//
bool Setup()
{
    Device->CreateVertexBuffer(
        3 * sizeof(Vertex), // size in bytes
        D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, // flags
        Vertex::FVF,        // vertex format
        D3DPOOL_MANAGED,    // managed memory pool
        &Triangle,          // return create vertex buffer
        0);                 // not used - set to 0

    Vertex* vertices;
    Triangle->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertices, 0);

    vertices[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,d3d::RED);
    vertices[1] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f,d3d::BLUE);
    vertices[2] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,d3d::CYAN);

    Triangle->Unlock();

    D3DXMATRIX proj;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
            &proj,                        // result
            D3DX_PI * 0.5f,               // 90 - degrees
            (float)Width / (float)Height, // aspect ratio
            1.0f,                         // near plane
            1000.0f);                     // far plane
    Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);
 
    Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, false);//如果没有这个，会是两个黑块三角形

    return true;
}
void Cleanup()
{
    d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Triangle);
}

bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
    if( Device )
    {
        Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);
        Device->BeginScene();

        Device->SetStreamSource(0, Triangle, 0, sizeof(Vertex));
        Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);

        // Draw one triangle.    
        D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, -1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix);

        Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT); //平面着色
        Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);

        D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix);

        Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);//高洛德着色
        Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);

        Device->EndScene();
        Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }
    return true;
}


//
// WndProc
//
LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch( msg )
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        ::PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
        
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
            ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
        break;
    }
    return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

//
// WinMain
//
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
                   HINSTANCE prevInstance, 
                   PSTR cmdLine,
                   int showCmd)
{
    if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,
        Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
    {
        ::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);
        return 0;
    }
        
    if(!Setup())
    {
        ::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);
        return 0;
    }

    d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );

    Cleanup();

    Device->Release();

    return 0;
}