nginx+keepalived
nginx+keepalived
Keepalived 简要介绍
Keepalived软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的,用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态,后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此,Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外,还可以作为其他服务(例如:Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等)的高可用解决方案软件。
Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议)的缩写,VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的,它能够保证当个别节点宕机时,整个网络可以不间断地运行。
所以,Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能,同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能,另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
Keepalived 是一种高性能的服务器高可用或热备解决方案, Keepalived 可以用来防止服务器单点故障的发生,通过配合 Nginx 可以实现 web 前端服务的高可用。
Keepalived高可用服务对之间的故障切换转移,是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议)来实现的。
在 Keepalived服务正常工作时,主 Master节点会不断地向备节点发送(多播的方式)心跳消息,用以告诉备Backup节点自己还活看,当主 Master节点发生故障时,就无法发送心跳消息,备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master节点的心跳了,于是调用自身的接管程序,接管主Master节点的 IP资源及服务。而当主 Master节点恢复时,备Backup节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务,恢复到原来的备用角色。
那么,什么是VRRP呢?
VRRP ,全 称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议 ,VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题,VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。
方案规划
VIP | IP | 主机名 | Nginx端口 | 默认主从 |
10.1.1.3 | 192.168.50.133 | nginx1 | 88 | MASTER |
10.1.1.3 | 192.168.50.134 | nginx2 | 88 | BACKUP |
高可用:两台业务系统启动着相同的服务,如果有一台故障,另一台自动接管,我们将将这个称之为高可用;
Keekpalived工作原理:通过vrrp协议实现
Keepalived工作方式:抢占式、非抢占式
安装:yum install keepalived -y
日志存放位置:/var/log/messages
1、keepaliaved 抢占式配置
master配置
[root@lb01 ~]# rpm -qc keepalived /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/sysconfig/keepalived [root@lb01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02 #标识信息,一个名字而已; } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER #角色是master interface eth0 #vip 绑定端口 virtual_router_id 50 #让master 和backup在同一个虚拟路由里,id 号必须相同; priority 150 #优先级,谁的优先级高谁就是master ; advert_int 1 #心跳间隔时间 authentication { auth_type PASS #认证 auth_pass 1111 #密码 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 #虚拟ip } }
backup配置
[root@lb02 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } } [root@lb02 ~]#
2、Keepalived非抢占式配置:
非抢占式不再有主从之分,全部都为BACKUP,并且配置文件中添加nopreempt,用来标识为非抢占式;
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/upstream]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb01 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } }
[root@lb02 /etc/nginx/upstream]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 100 nopreempt advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } } You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@lb02 /etc/nginx/upstream]#
3、nginx+keepalived
实现思路:将keepalived 中的vip作为nginx负载均衡的监听地址,并且域名绑定的也是vip的地址。
说明:Nginx 负载均衡实现高可用,需要借助Keepalived地址漂移功能。
[root@lb01 /etc/nginx/upstream]# ip add show eth0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:97:e1:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.5/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.3/32 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe97:e1ff/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@lb01 /etc/nginx/upstream]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb01 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } } [root@lb01 /etc/nginx/upstream]#
[root@lb02 /etc/nginx/upstream]# ip add show eth0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:6f:18:48 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.6/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6f:1848/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@lb02 /etc/nginx/upstream]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 100 nopreempt advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } } [root@lb02 /etc/nginx/upstream]#
4、keepalived脑裂现象
由于某些原因,导致两台keepalived高可用服务器在指定时间内,无法检测到对方存活心跳信息,从而导致互相抢占对方的资源和服务所有权,然而此时两台高可用服务器有都还存活。
可能出现的原因:
1、服务器网线松动等网络故障;
2、服务器硬件故障发生损坏现象而崩溃;
3、主备都开启了firewalld 防火墙。
4、在Keepalived+nginx 架构中,当Nginx宕机,会导致用户请求失败,但是keepalived不会进行切换,
所以需要编写一个检测nginx的存活状态的脚本,如果nginx不存活,则kill掉宕掉的nginx主机上面的keepalived。(所有的keepalived都要配置)
架构如下:
脚本如下:
[root@lb01 /server/scripts]# cat /server/scripts/check_list #!/bin/sh nginxpid=$(ps -C nginx --no-header|wc -l) #1.判断Nginx是否存活,如果不存活则尝试启动Nginx if [ $nginxpid -eq 0 ];then systemctl start nginx sleep 3 #2.等待3秒后再次获取一次Nginx状态 nginxpid=$(ps -C nginx --no-header|wc -l) #3.再次进行判断, 如Nginx还不存活则停止Keepalived,让地址进行漂移,并退出脚本 if [ $nginxpid -eq 0 ];then systemctl stop keepalived fi fi [root@lb01 /server/scripts]#
配置文件如下:
[root@lb01 /server/scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb01 } vrrp_script check { script "/server/scripts/check_list" interval 10 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 50 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.0.0.3 } track_script { check } } [root@lb01 /server/scripts]#
本文来自博客园,作者:{咏南中间件},转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/hnxxcxg/p/14472470.html