Python 基础练习

今天接触了python，了解了一下 python 的基础语法，于是想着手训练一下，在本习题集中，参考代码为提供的参考答案，前面的代码为自己思考的代码，最后每道题给出练习的时间。

Python 基础练习题1

题目：有1、2、3、4个数字，能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数？都是多少？

---

代码

def printNum():
    sum = 0
    for i in range(1,5):
        for j in range(1,5):
            for k in range(1,5):
                if i==j or i == k or j == k:
                    continue
                else:
                    sum += 1
                    print i,j,k
    print "sum:",sum,"line"

printNum()

运行结果

1 2 3
1 2 4
1 3 2
1 3 4
1 4 2
1 4 3
2 1 3
2 1 4
2 3 1
2 3 4
2 4 1
2 4 3
3 1 2
3 1 4
3 2 1
3 2 4
3 4 1
3 4 2
4 1 2
4 1 3
4 2 1
4 2 3
4 3 1
4 3 2
sum: 24 line

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python   
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

for i in range(1,5):
    for j in range(1,5):
        for k in range(1,5):
            if( i != k ) and (i != j) and (j != k):
                print i,j,k

---

用时： 44min

---

Python 基础练习题2

题目：企业发放的奖金根据利润提成。利润(I)低于或等于10万元时，奖金可提10%；利润高于10万元，低于20万元时，低于10万元的部分按10%提成，高于10万元的部分，可可提成7.5%；20万到40万之间时，高于20万元的部分，可提成5%；40万到60万之间时高于40万元的部分，可提成3%；60万到100万之间时，高于60万元的部分，可提成1.5%，高于100万元时，超过100万元的部分按1%提成，从键盘输入当月利润I，求应发放奖金总数？

---

代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

def countBonus():
    profit = int(raw_input('请输入利润（万）：')) #这里要定义为int
    if profit <= 10:
        bonus = profit * 0.1
    elif profit > 10 and profit <= 20:
        bonus = 10 * 0.1 + (profit-10) * 0.075
    elif profit > 20 and profit <= 40:
        bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + (profit-20)*0.05
    elif profit > 40 and profit <= 60:
        bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + (profit-40) * 0.03
    elif profit > 60 and profit <= 100:
        bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + 20 * 0.03 + (profit - 60) * 0.015
    elif profit > 100:
        bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + 20 * 0.03 + 40 * 0.015 + (profit-100)*0.01
    print "奖金（万）为：",bonus

countBonus()

运行结果

请输入利润（万）：12
奖金（万）为： 1.15

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
i = int(raw_input('净利润:'))
arr = [1000000,600000,400000,200000,100000,0]
rat = [0.01,0.015,0.03,0.05,0.075,0.1]
r = 0
for idx in range(0,6):
    if i>arr[idx]:
        r+=(i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]
        print (i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]
        i=arr[idx]
print r

---

用时： 20min

---

Python 基础练习题3

题目：一个整数，它加上100和加上268后都是一个完全平方数，请问该数是多少？

---

代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import math
def calculate():
    for i in range(1,10001):
        getNum1 = math.sqrt(i+100)
        getNum2 = math.sqrt(i+268)
        if getNum1 % int(getNum1) == 0 and getNum2 % int(getNum2) == 0:
            print i

calculate()

运行结果

21
261
1581

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
import math
for i in range(10000):
    #转化为整型值
    x = int(math.sqrt(i + 100))
    y = int(math.sqrt(i + 268))
    if(x * x == i + 100) and (y * y == i + 268):
        print i

---

用时： 16min

---

Python 基础练习题4

题目：输入某年某月某日，判断这一天是这一年的第几天

---

代码

#!usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

#闰年
leapYear = [31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]
# 普通年
commonYear = [31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]

def countDay():
    getDate = raw_input("请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：")
    date = getDate.split(".")
    # 分别获得年月日
    year = int(date[0])
    month = int(date[1])
    day = int(date[2])

    sum = 0
    if (year % 100 == 0 and year % 400 == 0) or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):
        # 闰年
        for i in range(1,month):
           sum += leapYear[i]
        sum += day
    else:
        for i in range(1,month):
            sum += commonYear[i]
        sum += day
    print "该日期为该年份的第：",sum,"天"

while 1:
    countDay()
    ifExit = raw_input("是否退出？(Y/N）：")
    if ifExit == "Y" or ifExit == "y":
        break

运行结果

请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：2016.10.03
该日期为该年份的第： 277 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：n
请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：2000.8.7
该日期为该年份的第： 220 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：n
请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：1900.3.2
该日期为该年份的第： 61 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：y

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
year = int(raw_input('year:\n'))
month = int(raw_input('month:\n'))
day = int(raw_input('day:\n'))
 
months = (0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334)
if 0 < month <= 12:
    sum = months[month - 1]
else:
    print 'data error'
sum += day
leap = 0
if (year % 400 == 0) or ((year % 4 == 0) and (year % 100 != 0)):
    leap = 1
if (leap == 1) and (month > 2):
    sum += 1
print 'it is the %dth day.' % sum

---

用时： 27min

---

Python 基础练习题5

题目：输入三个整数x,y,z，请把这三个数由小到大输出。

---

代码

#!usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

def demoFunction():
    getNum = raw_input("请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：")
    num = getNum.split(",")
    num1 = int(num[0])
    num2 = int(num[1])
    num3 = int(num[2])

    if num1>num2:
        temp = num2
        num2 = num1
        num1 = temp
    if num1>num3:
        temp = num3
        num3 = num1
        num1 = temp
    if num2 > num3:
        temp = num3
        num3 = num2
        num2 = temp

    print num1,num2,num3

demoFunction()

运行结果

请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：3,7,1
1 3 7

代码优化

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

def demoFunction():
    getNum = raw_input("请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：")
    num = getNum.split(",")
    num1 = int(num[0])
    num2 = int(num[1])
    num3 = int(num[2])

    if num1>num2:
        num1,num2 = num2,num1
    if num1>num3:
        num1,num3 = num3,num1
    if num2 > num3:
        num2,num3 = num3,num2

    print num1,num2,num3

demoFunction()

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

l = []
for i in range(3):
    x = int(raw_input('integer:\n'))
    l.append(x)
l.sort()
print l

---

用时： 10min

---

Python 基础练习题6

题目：斐波那契数列。

---

代码

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 斐波那契数列
def Fibonacci(num):
    if num == 1:
        print "0"
    elif num == 2:
        print "1"
    else:
        fib = [0,1]
        for i in range(2, num):
            fib.append(int(fib[i-1]) + int(fib[i-2]))
        print fib

num = int(raw_input("请输入斐波那契数列的位数："))
Fibonacci(num)

运行结果

请输入斐波那契数列的位数：10
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

---

参考代码

方法一

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

def fib(n):
	a,b = 1,1
	for i in range(n-1):
		a,b = b,a+b
	return a

# 输出了第10个斐波那契数列
print fib(10)

方法二

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用递归
def fib(n):
	if n==1 or n==2:
		return 1
	return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)

# 输出了第10个斐波那契数列
print fib(10)

方法三

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

def fib(n):
    if n == 1:
        return [1]
    if n == 2:
        return [1, 1]
    fibs = [1, 1]
    for i in range(2, n):
        fibs.append(fibs[-1] + fibs[-2])
    return fibs

# 输出前 10 个斐波那契数列
print fib(10) 

---

用时： 12min

---

Python 基础练习题7

题目：将一个列表的数据复制到另一个列表中。

---

参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a[:]
print b

运行结果

[1,2,3]

---

用时： 0min

---

Python 基础练习题8

题目：输出9x9乘法口诀表

---

代码

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

for i in range(1,10):
    for j in range(i,10):
        print i,"*",j,"=",i*j
    print ""

运行结果

1 * 1 = 1
1 * 2 = 2
1 * 3 = 3
1 * 4 = 4
1 * 5 = 5
1 * 6 = 6
1 * 7 = 7
1 * 8 = 8
1 * 9 = 9

2 * 2 = 4
2 * 3 = 6
2 * 4 = 8
2 * 5 = 10
2 * 6 = 12
2 * 7 = 14
2 * 8 = 16
2 * 9 = 18

3 * 3 = 9
3 * 4 = 12
3 * 5 = 15
3 * 6 = 18
3 * 7 = 21
3 * 8 = 24
3 * 9 = 27

4 * 4 = 16
4 * 5 = 20
4 * 6 = 24
4 * 7 = 28
4 * 8 = 32
4 * 9 = 36

5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45

6 * 6 = 36
6 * 7 = 42
6 * 8 = 48
6 * 9 = 54

7 * 7 = 49
7 * 8 = 56
7 * 9 = 63

8 * 8 = 64
8 * 9 = 72

9 * 9 = 81

---

用时： 4min

---

Python 基础练习题9

题目：暂停一秒输出。

---

代码1

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import time

for i in range(5):
    time.sleep(1)
    print i

运行结果

0
1
2
3
4

代码2

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import time

print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))

# 暂停一秒
time.sleep(1)

print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))

运行结果

2016-11-03 11:18:10
2016-11-03 11:18:11

---

用时： 2min

---