常用 STL 操作

可参考 cpp_container ，非常详细

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顺序容器 Sequence containers

array
vector
deque
forward_list
list

关联容器 Associative containers

set
map
multiset
multimap

无序关联容器 Unordered associative containers

unordered_set
unordered_map
unordered_multiset
unordered_multimap

容器适配器 Container adaptors

stack
queue
priority_queue

1. array

#include<array>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<string_view>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;    


int main() {

    // 初始化，以及取元素操作
    std::array<int, 5> a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // template<class T, size_t N> struct array;
    cout << a.at(1) << endl;
    cout << a[2] << endl;
    cout << a.front() << endl;
    cout << a.back() << endl;
    cout << a.data()[1] << endl;

    cout << "===========" << endl;

    // 迭代器
    for (auto& element: a) {
        cout << element << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    for (std::array<int, 5>::iterator ite = a.begin(); ite != a.end(); ite++){
        cout << *ite << "\n";
    }

    auto print = [](const int i) {std::cout << i << ' ';}; // lambda 表达式
    std::for_each(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), print); // for_each 算法

    cout << "\n===========" << endl;

    // 容量检查
    cout << a.empty() << endl;
    cout << a.size() << endl;
    cout << a.max_size() << endl;

    return 0;

}