C - 基础 - 结构

结构的定义、初始化、访问和结构数组

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAXTITL 41
#define MAXAUTL 31
#define MAXBOOK 10
// 结构定义
struct book {
	char title[MAXTITL];
	char author[MAXAUTL];
	float value;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct book crusoe; // 声明book类型变量
	strcpy(crusoe.title, "鲁滨逊漂流记");
	strcpy(crusoe.author, "迪福");
	crusoe.value = 66.66;
	printf("book crusoe,title: %s ,author: %s , value：%f \n", crusoe.title, crusoe.author, crusoe.value);
	// 初始化结构
	struct book stone= {
		"红楼梦",
		"雪里红芹菜",
		100.00
	};
	printf("book stone,title: %s ,author: %s , value：%f \n", stone.title, stone.author, stone.value);
	// 指定初始化项目
	struct book piao = {
		.author = "斯嘉丽",
		.title = "乱世佳人",
		.value = 22.22
	};
	printf("book piao,title: %s ,author: %s , value：%f \n", piao.title, piao.author, piao.value);
	// 结构数组
	struct book library[MAXBOOK];
	library[0] = crusoe;
	library[2] = stone;
	library[3] = piao;
	printf("sizeof struct book is %d , sizeof library is %d \n", sizeof(stone), sizeof(library));
	return 0;
}

结构嵌套

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAXTITL 41
// 结构定义
struct Author {
	char name[30];
	int age;
};

struct book {
	char title[MAXTITL];
	struct Author author;
	float value;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct Author author = {
		"曹雪芹",
		66
	};
	// 初始化结构
	struct book stone = {
		"红楼梦",
		{"曹雪芹",66	}, // author
		100.00
	};
	printf("book stone,title: %s ,author: %s,author'age: %d, value：%f \n", \
		stone.title, stone.author.name, stone.author.age, stone.value);

	return 0;
}

结构与指针

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAXTITL 41
// 结构定义
struct Author {
	char name[30];
	int age;
};

struct book {
	char title[MAXTITL];
	struct Author author;
	float value;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	// 初始化结构数组
	struct book library[2] = {
		{
			"红楼梦",
			{ "曹雪芹",66 },
			100.00
		} ,
		{
			"西游记",
			{ "吴承恩",88 },
			101.00
	} };
	struct book *ptr = &library[0]; // 指向结构的指针

	printf("book stone,title: %s ,author: %s,author'age: %d, value：%f \n", \
		ptr->title, ptr->author.name, ptr->author.age, ptr->value);
	ptr++;	// 指向下一个
	printf("book stone,title: %s ,author: %s,author'age: %d, value：%f \n", \
		ptr->title, ptr->author.name, ptr->author.age, ptr->value);

	return 0;
}

结构与函数

#include <stdio.h>

struct swaper {
	int a;
	int b;
};
void swap(struct swaper *); // 参数为结构指针
void to_string(struct swaper pair); // 参数为结构

 // 使用结构交换
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct swaper pair = {
		1,2
	};
	to_string(pair);
	swap(&pair);
	to_string(pair);
	return 0;
}

void swap(struct swaper * pair)
{
	int temp = pair->a;
	pair->a = pair->b;
	pair->b = temp;
}

void to_string(struct swaper pair)
{
	printf("swaper{a:%d,b:%d} \n", pair.a, pair.b);
}