设计模式系列 - 责任链模式
责任链模式通过为请求创建一个 接收者对象的链,对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。
介绍
责任链属于行为型模式,在这种模式中,通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用,如果一个对象不能处理该请求,那么则会继续往下传递,依此类推。可以参考 C# 中的事件处理程序就是采用这种思想。
类图描述
代码实现
1、创建抽象的记录器类
public abstract class AbstractLogger
{
public static int INFO = 1;
public static int DEBUG = 2;
public static int ERROR = 3;
protected int level;
protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;
public void SetNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger)
{
this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
}
public void LogMessage(int level, string message)
{
if (this.level <= level)
{
write(message);
}
if (this.nextLogger != null)
{
nextLogger.LogMessage(level, message);
}
}
protected abstract void write(string message);
}
2、创建扩展了该记录器类的实体类
public class ConsoleLogger:AbstractLogger
{
public ConsoleLogger(int level)
{
this.level = level;
}
protected override void write(string message) => Console.WriteLine($"Standard Console::Logger{message}");
}
public class ErrorLogger:AbstractLogger
{
public ErrorLogger(int level)
{
this.level = level;
}
protected override void write(string message) => Console.WriteLine($"Error Console::Logger:{message}");
}
public class FileLogger:AbstractLogger
{
public FileLogger(int level)
{
this.level = level;
}
protected override void write(string message) => Console.WriteLine($"File::Logger:{message}");
}
3、上层调用
class Program
{
private static AbstractLogger GetChainLoggers()
{
AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);
errorLogger.SetNextLogger(fileLogger);
fileLogger.SetNextLogger(consoleLogger);
return errorLogger;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var loggerChain = GetChainLoggers();
loggerChain.LogMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information");
loggerChain.LogMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, "This is an debug level information");
loggerChain.LogMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, "This is an error information");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
总结
责任链模式多在事件传递中有实际运用,通过链式结构将多个处理类关联起来,简化了上层调用,但是需要注意的是避免出现循环调用。