实验1 现代c++编程初体验
实验1：
1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验 2 // 本例用到以下内容: 3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器 4 // 2. 算法库：反转元素次序、旋转元素 5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参 6 7 #include <iostream> 8 #include <string> 9 #include <vector> 10 #include <algorithm> 11 12 using namespace std; 13 14 // 声明 15 // 模板函数声明 16 template<typename T> 17 void output(const T &c); 18 19 // 普通函数声明 20 void test1(); 21 void test2(); 22 void test3(); 23 24 int main() { 25 cout << "测试1: \n"; 26 test1(); 27 28 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 29 test2(); 30 31 cout << "\n测试3: \n"; 32 test3(); 33 } 34 35 // 函数实现 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 37 template <typename T> 38 void output(const T &c) { 39 for(auto &i: c) 40 cout << i << " "; 41 cout << endl; 42 } 43 44 // 测试1 45 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串 46 void test1() { 47 string s0{"0123456789"}; 48 cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl; 49 50 string s1{s0}; 51 reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素 52 cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl; 53 54 string s2{s0}; 55 reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间，并且在复制过程中反转次序 56 cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl; 57 } 58 59 // 测试2 60 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据 61 void test2() { 62 vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9}; 63 cout << "v0: "; 64 output(v0); 65 66 vector<int> v1{v0}; 67 reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 68 cout << "v1: "; 69 output(v1); 70 71 vector<int> v2{v0}; 72 reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin()); 73 cout << "v2: "; 74 output(v2); 75 } 76 77 // 测试3 78 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位 79 void test3() { 80 vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; 81 cout << "v0: "; 82 output(v0); 83 84 vector<int> v1{v0}; 85 rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项，旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始 86 cout << "v1: "; 87 output(v1); 88 89 vector<int> v2{v0}; 90 rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end()); 91 cout << "v2: "; 92 output(v2); 93 94 vector<int> v3{v0}; 95 rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 96 cout << "v3: "; 97 output(v3); 98 99 vector<int> v4{v0}; 100 rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 101 cout << "v4: "; 102 output(v4); 103 }
运行结果
实验2：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 10 // 函数声明 11 // 模板函数声明 12 template<typename T> 13 void output(const T &c); 14 15 // 普通函数声明 16 int rand_int_100(); 17 void test1(); 18 void test2(); 19 20 int main() { 21 cout << "测试1: \n"; 22 test1(); 23 24 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 25 test2(); 26 } 27 28 // 函数实现 29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 30 template <typename T> 31 void output(const T &c) { 32 for(auto &i: c) 33 cout << i << " "; 34 cout << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数 38 int rand_int_100() { 39 return rand() % 101; 40 } 41 42 // 测试1 43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序 44 void test1() { 45 vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10 46 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项 47 cout << "v0: "; 48 output(v0); 49 50 vector<int> v1{v0}; 51 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序 52 cout << "v1: "; 53 output(v1); 54 55 vector<int> v2{v0}; 56 sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序 57 cout << "v2: "; 58 output(v2); 59 } 60 61 // 测试2 62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值 63 void test2() { 64 vector<int> v0(10); 65 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 66 cout << "v0: "; 67 output(v0); 68 69 auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 70 cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl; 71 72 auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 73 cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl; 74 75 auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 76 cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl; 77 cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl; 78 double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size(); 79 cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl; 80 81 cout << endl; 82 83 vector<int> v1{v0}; 84 cout << "v0: "; 85 output(v0); 86 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 87 double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2); 88 cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后，均值: " << avg2 << endl; 89 }
运行结果
实验3：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 bool is_palindrome(std::string s); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 string s; 10 11 while(cin >> s) // 多组输入，直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试 12 cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl; 13 } 14 15 // 函数is_palindrom定义 16 // 待补足 17 // ××× 18 bool is_palindrome(const std::string s) { 19 std::string a = s; 20 21 std::reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); 22 23 return s == a; 24 }
运行结果
实验4：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 10 int x; 11 while(cin >> x) { 12 cout << "十进制: " << x << endl; 13 cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl; 14 cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl; 15 cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl; 16 } 17 } 18 19 // 函数dec2n定义 20 // 待补足 21 // ××× 22 std::string dec2n(int x, int n ) { 23 if (x == 0) return "0"; 24 25 std::string result; 26 const char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 27 28 while (x > 0) { 29 int remainder = x % n; 30 result += digits[remainder]; 31 x /= n; 32 } 33 34 std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end()); 35 36 return result; 37 } 38
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实验5：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <iomanip> 5 using namespace std; 6 int main(){ 7 cout<<setw(2)<<" "; 8 std::string a="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 9 std::string b="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRETUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRETUVWXYZ"; 10 for( int i=0;i<a.size();i++){ 11 cout<<setw(2)<<a[i]; 12 } 13 cout<<endl; 14 for(int high=1;high<=a.size();high++){ 15 int s; 16 cout<<setw(2)<<high; 17 for(int wide=0;wide<a.size();wide++){ 18 s=high+wide; 19 if(wide+high>a.size()){ 20 s=wide+high-26; 21 } 22 cout<<setw(2)<<b[s]; 23 } 24 cout<<endl; 25 } 26 }
运行结果
实验6：
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <cmath> 5 #include <ctime> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 #include <cstdlib> 8 9 using namespace std; 10 11 int main() { 12 srand(time(0)); 13 const int Q = 10; 14 int A = 0; 15 16 for (int i = 0; i < Q; ++i) { 17 int num1 = rand() % 10 + 1; 18 int num2 = rand() % 10 + 1; 19 char operators[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'}; 20 char op = operators[rand() % 4]; 21 22 23 if (op == '-') { 24 25 while (num1 <= num2) { 26 num1 = rand() % 10 + 1; 27 num2 = rand() % 10 + 1; 28 } 29 } else if (op == '/') { 30 31 while (num1 % num2 != 0) { 32 num1 = rand() % 10 + 1; 33 num2 = rand() % (num1 / 2) + 1; 34 35 } 36 } 37 38 39 int correctResult; 40 switch (op) { 41 case '+': correctResult = num1 + num2; break; 42 case '-': correctResult = num1 - num2; break; 43 case '*': correctResult = num1 * num2; break; 44 case '/': correctResult = num1 / num2; break; 45 } 46 cout << num1 << " " << op << " " << num2 << " = "; 47 int userAnswer; 48 cin >> userAnswer; 49 50 51 if (userAnswer == correctResult) { 52 ++A; 53 } 54 } 55 56 57 double accuracy = static_cast<double>(A) / Q * 100; 58 cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << "正确率: " << accuracy << "%" << endl; 59 60 return 0; 61 } 62
运行结果
