CentOS升级Python2.7及安装pip
CentOS升级Python2.7及安装pip
1) 升级Python2.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | python -V # 查看版本:Python 2.6 . 6 mkdir -p ~/Env/python; cd ~/Env/python # 创建个目录 wget --no-check-certificate https: //www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz tar Jxvf Python- 2.7 . 6 .tar.xz cd Python- 2.7 . 6 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/py- 2.7 . 6 # "./configure -h" 查看帮助 make # 报模块缺失时,有需要的安装后重make # issue: INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers # Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found: # ... # 注 1 :zlib必要,之后安装setuptools要用。见 "安装setuptools" 。 # 注 2 :openssl必要,之后pip要用。见 "安装pip" 。 # 注 3 :bzip2也最好加,执行 "yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel -y" 。 make install # 建立软链接,默认指向Python2. 7 mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2. 6.6 ln -s /usr/local/py- 2.7 . 6 /bin/python2. 7 /usr/bin/python python -V # Python 2.7 . 6 # yum不兼容Python2. 7 ,需要指定为原版本 vi /usr/bin/yum # 将 "!/usr/bin/python" 改为 "!/usr/bin/python2.6.6" # ibus也不兼容Python2. 7 ,需要修改 # 将 "exec python" 改为 "exec python2.6.6" ll /usr/bin | grep python # 确认下python2. 6.6 vi /usr/bin/ibus-setup # 修改 vi /usr/libexec/ibus-ui-gtk # 修改 reboot # 可能需要重启 |
2) 准备基础环境
2.1) 安装setuptools
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | cd ~/Env/python wget http: //pypi.douban.com/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.3.tar.gz # 豆瓣源 tar zxvf setuptools- 3.3 .tar.gz cd setuptools- 3.3 python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install # 或者用ez_setup.py,同样改为豆瓣源 # wget https: //bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py # python ez_setup.py --download-base http: //pypi.douban.com/packages/source/s/setuptools/ # 缺少zlib,安装setuptools时出错。 # issue: RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module yum install zlib zlib-devel -y # 重make Python2. 7 再安装 cd ../Python- 2.7 . 6 make # 这时才注意先前make时缺了好多模块 make install # 环境变量 vi /etc/profile # 添加如下内容: # PY_HOME=/usr/local/py- 2.7 . 6 # export PATH=$PY_HOME/bin:$PATH source /etc/profile # 当前终端生效,reboot后才会完全生效 echo $PATH |
2.2) 安装pip
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | easy_install -i http: //pypi.douban.com/simple pip # 缺少ssl模块,pip使用时出错 # issue: ImportError: cannot import name HTTPSHandler yum install openssl openssl-devel -y make # Python- 2.7 . 6 目录 make install # 配置pip为豆瓣源 mkdir ~/.pip # ls或ll -a 查看隐藏内容 vi ~/.pip/pip.conf # 添加如下内容: # [global] # index-url = http: //pypi.douban.com/simple |
2.3) 安装virtualenv
1 2 3 | su pip install virtualenv pip install virtualenvwrapper |
virtualenv用于创建隔离的Python运行环境,依赖不同库和版本时避免混乱。
virtualenvwrapper为virtualenv上的扩展,提供更方便的命令。
2.4) 其他
Document
- Sphinx
- 'pip install Sphinx'
Network
- Twisted
- 'pip install Twisted'
- zope.interface
- Scrapy
- 'pip install Scrapy'