k8s 单节点部署 + 学习

部署参考
kubeasz: https://github.com/easzlab/kubeasz/blob/master/docs/setup/quickStart.md
dashboard: https://github.com/easzlab/kubeasz/blob/master/docs/guide/dashboard.md
学习参考
官网 https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tutorials/

常用命令

创建deployment
kubectl create deployment deplyment-name --image=app image location
exp: kubectl create deployment kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
获取部署列表
kubectl get deployments
pod列表
kubectl get pods
获取pod信息
curl http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/${pod_name}
列出资源
kubectl get
显示资源详细信息
kubectl describe
打印 pod 和其中容器的日志
kubectl logs
在 pod 中的容器上执行命令
kubectl exec 
以NodePort类型暴露应用，pod外部就可以访问该服务了，通过 ip:NodePort。 go-template?
kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080
获取详细信息
kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp
获取端口
export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')
echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT
集群外部访问应用
curl ip:NODE_PORT

label

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe deployment
Name:                   kubernetes-bootcamp
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Thu, 26 Jan 2023 23:53:35 +0800
Labels:                 app=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               app=kubernetes-bootcamp
Replicas:               1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=kubernetes-bootcamp
  Containers:
   kubernetes-bootcamp:
    Image:        gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795 (1/1 replicas created)
Events:          <none>
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods -l app=kubernetes-bootcamp
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b   1/1     Running   2 (65m ago)   14h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get svc -l app=kubernetes-bootcamp
NAME                  TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)
AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   NodePort   10.68.227.123   <none>        8080:31371/TCP   14m

# 获取pod名
[root@localhost ~]# export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template '{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}')
[root@localhost ~]# echo Name of the Pod: $POD_NAME
Name of the Pod: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b
#给pod打标签
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl label pods $POD_NAME version=1
pod/kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b labeled
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe pods $POD_NAME
Name:             kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b
Namespace:        default
Priority:         0
Service Account:  default
Node:             192.168.10.3/192.168.10.3
Start Time:       Thu, 26 Jan 2023 23:53:36 +0800
Labels:           app=kubernetes-bootcamp
                  pod-template-hash=5485cc6795
                  version=1
Annotations:      <none>
Status:           Running
IP:               172.20.102.150
IPs:
  IP:           172.20.102.150
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795
Containers:
  kubernetes-bootcamp:
    Container ID:   containerd://9425c0485612ccc633ea3f25266b16b047c00f7baf150542e4953bfe1c7a7774
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Fri, 27 Jan 2023 12:50:48 +0800
    Last State:     Terminated
      Reason:       Unknown
      Exit Code:    255
      Started:      Fri, 27 Jan 2023 00:10:09 +0800
      Finished:     Fri, 27 Jan 2023 12:50:35 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  2
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-qg4jq (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-qg4jq:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:                      <none>
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods -l version=1
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b   1/1     Running   2 (73m ago)   14h

# 删除服务，但是pod内部依然可以访问。
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl delete service -l app=kubernetes-bootcamp
service "kubernetes-bootcamp" deleted
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.68.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   15h
[root@localhost ~]# echo $NODE_PORT
31371
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.10.3 port 31371: 拒绝连接
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- curl localhost:8080
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b | v=1

使用 Service 暴露你的应用
Service 匹配一组 Pod 是使用标签(Label)和选择器(Selector), 它们是允许对 Kubernetes 中的对象进行逻辑操作的一种分组原语。

扩缩应用程序

前面的例子创建了一个 Deployment，然后通过 Service让其可以开放访问。Deployment 仅为跑这个应用程序创建了一个 Pod。当流量增加时，我们需要扩容应用程序满足用户需求。

扩缩是通过改变 Deployment 中的副本数量来实现的。

NAME lists the names of the Deployments in the cluster.
READY shows the ratio of CURRENT/DESIRED replicas
UP-TO-DATE displays the number of replicas that have been updated to achieve the desired state.
AVAILABLE displays how many replicas of the application are available to your users.
AGE displays the amount of time that the application has been running.
kubectl get rs
DESIRED displays the desired number of replicas of the application, which you define when you create the Deployment. This is the desired state.
CURRENT displays how many replicas are currently running.

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   1/1     1            1           14h

# 获取副本 NAME: [DEPLOYMENT-NAME]-[RANDOM-STRING]
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get rs
NAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795   1         1         1       14h

# 改变副本数量
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=4
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp scaled
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   4/4     4            4           14h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get rs
NAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795   4         4         4       14h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE   IP               NODE           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-7n9hc   1/1     Running   0              88s   172.20.102.157   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-g6l2q   1/1     Running   0              88s   172.20.102.158   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck   1/1     Running   0              88s   172.20.102.156   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b   1/1     Running   2 (106m ago)   14h   172.20.102.150   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>

# 暴露服务，并访问，会发现请求转到了不同的pod上
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080
service/kubernetes-bootcamp exposed
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp
Name:                     kubernetes-bootcamp
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=kubernetes-bootcamp
Type:                     NodePort
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.68.18.131
IPs:                      10.68.18.131
Port:                     <unset>  8080/TCP
TargetPort:               8080/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  31453/TCP
Endpoints:                172.20.102.150:8080,172.20.102.156:8080,172.20.102.157:8080 + 1 more...
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>
[root@localhost ~]# export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')
[root@localhost ~]# echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT
NODE_PORT=31453
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-g6l2q | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-7n9hc | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-g6l2q | v=1
# 减小副本数量
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=2
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp scaled
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   2/2     2            2           14h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                                   READY   STATUS        RESTARTS       AGE   IP               NODE           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-7n9hc   1/1     Terminating   0              11m   172.20.102.157   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-g6l2q   1/1     Terminating   0              11m   172.20.102.158   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck   1/1     Running       0              11m   172.20.102.156   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b   1/1     Running       2 (117m ago)   14h   172.20.102.150   192.168.10.3   <none>           <none>
# 请求后服务在2个pod间转发
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b | v=1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck | v=1

滚动更新

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe pod|grep -i image
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
  Normal  Pulled     34m   kubelet            Container image "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1" already present on machine
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
# 更换镜像版本
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp image updated
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe pod|grep -i image
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
  Normal  Pulled     35m   kubelet            Container image "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1" already present on machine
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
    Image:          jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2
    Image ID:
  Normal  Pulling    5s    kubelet            Pulling image "jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2"
# 查看pod状态
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                                   READY   STATUS              RESTARTS       AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-j8zck   1/1     Terminating         0              35m
kubernetes-bootcamp-5485cc6795-rmd5b   1/1     Running             2 (140m ago)   15h
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng   0/1     ContainerCreating   0              2s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx   1/1     Running             0              22s
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng   1/1     Running   0          39s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx   1/1     Running   0          59s
# 访问服务
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng | v=2
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx | v=2
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.10.3:$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng | v=2
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl rollout status deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp
deployment "kubernetes-bootcamp" successfully rolled out
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe pod|grep -i image
    Image:          jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2
    Image ID:       docker.io/jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:fb1a3ced00cecfc1f83f18ab5cd14199e30adc1b49aa4244f5d65ad3f5feb2a5
  Normal  Pulled     82s   kubelet            Container image "jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2" already present on machine
    Image:          jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2
    Image ID:       docker.io/jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:fb1a3ced00cecfc1f83f18ab5cd14199e30adc1b49aa4244f5d65ad3f5feb2a5
# 升级失败，镜像下载失败，回滚
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v10
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp image updated
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   2/2     1            2           15h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   2/2     1            2           15h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   2/2     1            2           15h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                                   READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-7589867599-b55wd   0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          57s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng   1/1     Running            0          5m55s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx   1/1     Running            0          6m15s
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp rolled back
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                                   READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-7589867599-b55wd   0/1     Terminating   0          109s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng   1/1     Running       0          6m47s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx   1/1     Running       0          7m7s
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-djpng   1/1     Running   0          6m54s
kubernetes-bootcamp-7c6644499c-hf6nx   1/1     Running   0          7m14s
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   2/2     2            2           15h

遇到的问题

执行docker exec -it kubeasz ezctl start-aio报错

Failed to get information on remote file (/etc/kubeasz/clusters/default/ssl/etcd-csr.json): /bin/sh: /usr/bin/python3.6: not found

安装python2 并设置为默认

yum install python2 -y
alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python2

posted @ 2023-01-26 23:32 绣幕阅读(264) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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k8s 单节点部署 + 学习

k8s 单节点部署 + 学习

常用命令

label

扩缩应用程序

滚动更新

遇到的问题

公告