ASP.NET Core 2.2+Quartz.Net 实现Web定时任务
作者:Julian_酱
链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/mi12205599/p/10361763.html
作为一枚后端程序狗,项目实践常遇到定时任务的工作,最容易想到的的思路就是利用Windows计划任务/wndows service程序/Crontab程序等主机方法在主机上部署定时任务程序/脚本。
但是很多时候,若使用的是共享主机或者受控主机,这些主机不允许你私自安装exe程序、Windows服务程序。
码甲会想到在web程序中做定时任务, 目前有两个方向:
1、AspNetCore自带的HostService, 这是一个轻量级的后台服务, 需要搭配timer完成定时任务
2、老牌Quartz.Net组件,支持复杂灵活的Scheduling、支持ADO/RAM Job任务存储、支持集群、支持监听、支持插件。
此处我们的项目使用稍复杂的Quartz.net实现Web定时任务。
项目背景
最近需要做一个计数程序:采用redis计数,设定每小时将当日累积数据持久化到关系型数据库sqlite。
添加Quartz.Net Nuget 依赖包:<PackageReference Include="Quartz" Version="3.0.6" />
1、定义定时任务内容: Job
2、设置触发条件: Trigger
3、将Quartz.Net集成进AspNet Core
头脑风暴
IScheduler类包装了上述背景需要完成的第①②点工作 ,SimpleJobFactory定义了生成指定的Job任务的过程,这个行为是利用反射机制调用无参构造函数构造出的Job实例。
下面是源码:
//----------------选自Quartz.Simpl.SimpleJobFactory类-----------
using System;
using Quartz.Logging;
using Quartz.Spi;
using Quartz.Util;
namespace Quartz.Simpl
{
/// <summary>
/// The default JobFactory used by Quartz - simply calls
/// <see cref="ObjectUtils.InstantiateType{T}" /> on the job class.
/// </summary>
/// <seealso cref="IJobFactory" />
/// <seealso cref="PropertySettingJobFactory" />
/// <author>James House</author>
/// <author>Marko Lahma (.NET)</author>
public class SimpleJobFactory : IJobFactory
{
private static readonly ILog log = LogProvider.GetLogger(typeof (SimpleJobFactory));
/// <summary>
/// Called by the scheduler at the time of the trigger firing, in order to
/// produce a <see cref="IJob" /> instance on which to call Execute.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// It should be extremely rare for this method to throw an exception -
/// basically only the case where there is no way at all to instantiate
/// and prepare the Job for execution. When the exception is thrown, the
/// Scheduler will move all triggers associated with the Job into the
/// <see cref="TriggerState.Error" /> state, which will require human
/// intervention (e.g. an application restart after fixing whatever
/// configuration problem led to the issue with instantiating the Job).
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="bundle">The TriggerFiredBundle from which the <see cref="IJobDetail" />
/// and other info relating to the trigger firing can be obtained.</param>
/// <param name="scheduler"></param>
/// <returns>the newly instantiated Job</returns>
/// <throws> SchedulerException if there is a problem instantiating the Job. </throws>
public virtual IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
{
IJobDetail jobDetail = bundle.JobDetail;
Type jobType = jobDetail.JobType;
try
{
if (log.IsDebugEnabled())
{
log.Debug($"Producing instance of Job '{jobDetail.Key}', class={jobType.FullName}");
}
return ObjectUtils.InstantiateType<IJob>(jobType);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
SchedulerException se = new SchedulerException($"Problem instantiating class '{jobDetail.JobType.FullName}'", e);
throw se;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Allows the job factory to destroy/cleanup the job if needed.
/// No-op when using SimpleJobFactory.
/// </summary>
public virtual void ReturnJob(IJob job)
{
var disposable = job as IDisposable;
disposable?.Dispose();
}
}
}
//------------------节选自Quartz.Util.ObjectUtils类------------
public static T InstantiateType<T>(Type type)
{
if(type == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(type), "Cannot instantiate null");
}
ConstructorInfo ci = type.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes);
if (ci == null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Cannot instantiate type which has no empty constructor", type.Name);
}
return (T) ci.Invoke(new object[0]);
}
很多时候,定义的Job任务依赖了其他组件(Job实例化时多参),此时默认的SimpleJobFactory不能满足实例化要求, 需要考虑将Job任务作为依赖注入组件,加入依赖注入容器。
关键思路:
① IScheduler 开放了JobFactory 属性,便于你控制Job任务的实例化方式;
JobFactories may be of use to those wishing to have their application produce IJob instances via some special mechanism, such as to give the opportunity for dependency injection
②AspNet Core的服务架构是以依赖注入为基础的,利用ASPNET Core已有的依赖注入容器IServiceProvider管理Job任务的创建过程。
编码实践
1、定义Job内容
// -------每小时将redis数据持久化到sqlite, 每日凌晨跳针,持久化昨天全天数据-
public class UsageCounterSyncJob : IJob
{
private readonly EqidDbContext _context;
private readonly IDatabase _redisDB1;
private readonly ILogger _logger;
public UsageCounterSyncJob(EqidDbContext context, RedisDatabase redisCache, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
_context = context;
_redisDB1 = redisCache[1];
_logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<UsageCounterSyncJob>();
}
public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
// 触发时间在凌晨,则同步昨天的计数
var _day = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd");
if (context.FireTimeUtc.LocalDateTime.Hour == 0)
_day = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1).ToString("yyyyMMdd");
await SyncRedisCounter(_day);
_logger.LogInformation("[UsageCounterSyncJob] Schedule job executed.");
}
......
}
2、注册Job和Trigger
namespace EqidManager
{
using IOCContainer = IServiceProvider;
// Quartz.Net启动后注册job和trigger
public class QuartzStartup
{
public IScheduler _scheduler { get; set; }
private readonly ILogger _logger;
private readonly IJobFactory iocJobfactory;
public QuartzStartup(IOCContainer IocContainer, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
_logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<QuartzStartup>();
iocJobfactory = new IOCJobFactory(IocContainer);
var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
_scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
_scheduler.JobFactory = iocJobfactory;
}
public void Start()
{
_logger.LogInformation("Schedule job load as application start.");
_scheduler.Start().Wait();
var UsageCounterSyncJob = JobBuilder.Create<UsageCounterSyncJob>()
.WithIdentity("UsageCounterSyncJob")
.Build();
var UsageCounterSyncJobTrigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("UsageCounterSyncCron")
.StartNow()
// 每隔一小时同步一次
.WithCronSchedule("0 0 * * * ?") // Seconds,Minutes,Hours,Day-of-Month,Month,Day-of-Week,Year(optional field)
.Build();
_scheduler.ScheduleJob(UsageCounterSyncJob, UsageCounterSyncJobTrigger).Wait();
_scheduler.TriggerJob(new JobKey("UsageCounterSyncJob"));
}
public void Stop()
{
if (_scheduler == null)
{
return;
}
if (_scheduler.Shutdown(waitForJobsToComplete: true).Wait(30000))
_scheduler = null;
else
{
}
_logger.LogCritical("Schedule job upload as application stopped");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// IOCJobFactory :实现在Timer触发的时候注入生成对应的Job组件
/// </summary>
public class IOCJobFactory : IJobFactory
{
protected readonly IOCContainer Container;
public IOCJobFactory(IOCContainer container)
{
Container = container;
}
//Called by the scheduler at the time of the trigger firing, in order to produce
//a Quartz.IJob instance on which to call Execute.
public IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
{
return Container.GetService(bundle.JobDetail.JobType) as IJob;
}
// Allows the job factory to destroy/cleanup the job if needed.
public void ReturnJob(IJob job)
{
}
}
}
3、结合ASpNet Core 注入组件;绑定Quartz.Net
//-------------------------------截取自Startup文件---------------
......
services.AddTransient<UsageCounterSyncJob>();
// 这里使用瞬时依赖注入
services.AddSingleton<QuartzStartup>();
......
// 绑定Quartz.Net
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.IApplicationLifetime lifetime, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
var quartz = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<QuartzStartup>();
lifetime.ApplicationStarted.Register(quartz.Start);
lifetime.ApplicationStopped.Register(quartz.Stop);
}
附:IIS 网站低频访问导致工作进程进入闲置状态的 解决办法
IIS为网站默认设定了20min闲置超时时间:20分钟内没有处理请求、也没有收到新的请求,工作进程就进入闲置状态。
IIS上低频web访问会造成工作进程关闭,此时应用程序池回收,Timer等线程资源会被销毁;当工作进程重新运作,Timer可能会重新生成起效, 但我们的设定的定时Job可能没有按需正确执行。
故为在IIS网站实现低频web访问下的定时任务:
设置Idle TimeOut =0;同时将【应用程序池】->【正在回收】->不勾选【回收条件】