ASP.NET Core 2.2+Quartz.Net 实现Web定时任务

作者:Julian_酱

链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/mi12205599/p/10361763.html


作为一枚后端程序狗,项目实践常遇到定时任务的工作,最容易想到的的思路就是利用Windows计划任务/wndows service程序/Crontab程序等主机方法在主机上部署定时任务程序/脚本。


但是很多时候,若使用的是共享主机或者受控主机,这些主机不允许你私自安装exe程序、Windows服务程序。


码甲会想到在web程序中做定时任务, 目前有两个方向:


1、AspNetCore自带的HostService, 这是一个轻量级的后台服务, 需要搭配timer完成定时任务


2、老牌Quartz.Net组件,支持复杂灵活的Scheduling、支持ADO/RAM Job任务存储、支持集群、支持监听、支持插件。


此处我们的项目使用稍复杂的Quartz.net实现Web定时任务。

项目背景

最近需要做一个计数程序:采用redis计数,设定每小时将当日累积数据持久化到关系型数据库sqlite。


添加Quartz.Net Nuget 依赖包:<PackageReference Include="Quartz" Version="3.0.6" />


1、定义定时任务内容: Job

2、设置触发条件: Trigger

3、将Quartz.Net集成进AspNet Core

头脑风暴

IScheduler类包装了上述背景需要完成的第①②点工作 ,SimpleJobFactory定义了生成指定的Job任务的过程,这个行为是利用反射机制调用无参构造函数构造出的Job实例。


下面是源码:


//----------------选自Quartz.Simpl.SimpleJobFactory类-----------
using System;
using Quartz.Logging;
using Quartz.Spi;
using Quartz.Util;
namespace Quartz.Simpl
{
   /// <summary>
   /// The default JobFactory used by Quartz - simply calls
   /// <see cref="ObjectUtils.InstantiateType{T}" /> on the job class.
   /// </summary>
   /// <seealso cref="IJobFactory" />
   /// <seealso cref="PropertySettingJobFactory" />
   /// <author>James House</author>
   /// <author>Marko Lahma (.NET)</author>
   public class SimpleJobFactory : IJobFactory
   {
       private static readonly ILog log = LogProvider.GetLogger(typeof (SimpleJobFactory));
       /// <summary>
       /// Called by the scheduler at the time of the trigger firing, in order to
       /// produce a <see cref="IJob" /> instance on which to call Execute.
       /// </summary>
       /// <remarks>
       /// It should be extremely rare for this method to throw an exception -
       /// basically only the case where there is no way at all to instantiate
       /// and prepare the Job for execution.  When the exception is thrown, the
       /// Scheduler will move all triggers associated with the Job into the
       /// <see cref="TriggerState.Error" /> state, which will require human
       /// intervention (e.g. an application restart after fixing whatever
       /// configuration problem led to the issue with instantiating the Job).
       /// </remarks>
       /// <param name="bundle">The TriggerFiredBundle from which the <see cref="IJobDetail" />
       ///   and other info relating to the trigger firing can be obtained.</param>
       /// <param name="scheduler"></param>
       /// <returns>the newly instantiated Job</returns>
       /// <throws>  SchedulerException if there is a problem instantiating the Job. </throws>
       public virtual IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
       
{
           IJobDetail jobDetail = bundle.JobDetail;
           Type jobType = jobDetail.JobType;
           try
           {
               if (log.IsDebugEnabled())
               {
                   log.Debug($"Producing instance of Job '{jobDetail.Key}', class={jobType.FullName}");
               }
               return ObjectUtils.InstantiateType<IJob>(jobType);
           }
           catch (Exception e)
           {
               SchedulerException se = new SchedulerException($"Problem instantiating class '{jobDetail.JobType.FullName}'", e);
               throw se;
           }
       }

       /// <summary>
       /// Allows the job factory to destroy/cleanup the job if needed.
       /// No-op when using SimpleJobFactory.
       /// </summary>
       public virtual void ReturnJob(IJob job)
       
{
           var disposable = job as IDisposable;
           disposable?.Dispose();
       }
   }
}


//------------------节选自Quartz.Util.ObjectUtils类------------
public static T InstantiateType<T>(Type type)
{
    if(type == null)
    {
         throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(type), "Cannot instantiate null");
    }
    ConstructorInfo ci = type.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes);
    if (ci == null)
    {
         throw new ArgumentException("Cannot instantiate type which has no empty constructor", type.Name);
    }
    return (T) ci.Invoke(new object[0]);
}


很多时候,定义的Job任务依赖了其他组件(Job实例化时多参),此时默认的SimpleJobFactory不能满足实例化要求, 需要考虑将Job任务作为依赖注入组件,加入依赖注入容器。


关键思路:


① IScheduler 开放了JobFactory 属性,便于你控制Job任务的实例化方式;


JobFactories may be of use to those wishing to have their application produce IJob instances via some special mechanism, such as to give the opportunity for dependency injection


②AspNet Core的服务架构是以依赖注入为基础的,利用ASPNET Core已有的依赖注入容器IServiceProvider管理Job任务的创建过程。

编码实践

1、定义Job内容

// -------每小时将redis数据持久化到sqlite, 每日凌晨跳针,持久化昨天全天数据-
public class UsageCounterSyncJob : IJob
{
       private readonly EqidDbContext _context;
       private readonly IDatabase _redisDB1;
       private readonly ILogger _logger;
       public UsageCounterSyncJob(EqidDbContext context, RedisDatabase redisCache, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
       
{
           _context = context;
           _redisDB1 = redisCache[1];
           _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<UsageCounterSyncJob>();
       }
       public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
       
{
           // 触发时间在凌晨,则同步昨天的计数
           var _day = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd");
           if (context.FireTimeUtc.LocalDateTime.Hour == 0)
               _day = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1).ToString("yyyyMMdd");

           await SyncRedisCounter(_day);
           _logger.LogInformation("[UsageCounterSyncJob] Schedule job executed.");

       }
       ......
}


2、注册Job和Trigger

namespace EqidManager
{
   using IOCContainer = IServiceProvider;
   // Quartz.Net启动后注册job和trigger
   public class QuartzStartup
   {
       public IScheduler _scheduler { get; set; }
       private readonly ILogger _logger;
       private readonly IJobFactory iocJobfactory;
       public QuartzStartup(IOCContainer IocContainer, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
       
{
           _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<QuartzStartup>();
           iocJobfactory = new IOCJobFactory(IocContainer);
           var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
           _scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
           _scheduler.JobFactory = iocJobfactory;
       }
       public void Start()
       
{
           _logger.LogInformation("Schedule job load as application start.");
           _scheduler.Start().Wait();
           var UsageCounterSyncJob = JobBuilder.Create<UsageCounterSyncJob>()
              .WithIdentity("UsageCounterSyncJob")
              .Build();
           var UsageCounterSyncJobTrigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
               .WithIdentity("UsageCounterSyncCron")
               .StartNow()
               // 每隔一小时同步一次
               .WithCronSchedule("0 0 * * * ?")      // Seconds,Minutes,Hours,Day-of-Month,Month,Day-of-Week,Year(optional field)
               .Build();
           _scheduler.ScheduleJob(UsageCounterSyncJob, UsageCounterSyncJobTrigger).Wait();
           _scheduler.TriggerJob(new JobKey("UsageCounterSyncJob"));
       }
       public void Stop()
       
{
           if (_scheduler == null)
           {
               return;
           }
           if (_scheduler.Shutdown(waitForJobsToComplete: true).Wait(30000))
               _scheduler = null;
           else
           {
           }
           _logger.LogCritical("Schedule job upload as application stopped");
       }
   }
   /// <summary>
   /// IOCJobFactory :实现在Timer触发的时候注入生成对应的Job组件
   /// </summary>
   public class IOCJobFactory : IJobFactory
   {
       protected readonly IOCContainer Container;
       public IOCJobFactory(IOCContainer container)
       
{
           Container = container;
       }
       //Called by the scheduler at the time of the trigger firing, in order to produce
       //a Quartz.IJob instance on which to call Execute.
       public IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
       
{
           return Container.GetService(bundle.JobDetail.JobType) as IJob;
       }
       // Allows the job factory to destroy/cleanup the job if needed.
       public void ReturnJob(IJob job)
       
{
       }
   }
}


3、结合ASpNet Core 注入组件;绑定Quartz.Net

//-------------------------------截取自Startup文件---------------
......
services.AddTransient<UsageCounterSyncJob>();    
// 这里使用瞬时依赖注入
services.AddSingleton<QuartzStartup>();
......
// 绑定Quartz.Net
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.IApplicationLifetime lifetime, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    var quartz = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<QuartzStartup>();
    lifetime.ApplicationStarted.Register(quartz.Start);
    lifetime.ApplicationStopped.Register(quartz.Stop);
}


附:IIS 网站低频访问导致工作进程进入闲置状态的 解决办法


IIS为网站默认设定了20min闲置超时时间:20分钟内没有处理请求、也没有收到新的请求,工作进程就进入闲置状态。


IIS上低频web访问会造成工作进程关闭,此时应用程序池回收,Timer等线程资源会被销毁;当工作进程重新运作,Timer可能会重新生成起效, 但我们的设定的定时Job可能没有按需正确执行。


640?wx_fmt=png


故为在IIS网站实现低频web访问下的定时任务:


设置Idle TimeOut =0;同时将【应用程序池】->【正在回收】->不勾选【回收条件】      


posted @ 2019-04-22 06:47  天使不哭  阅读(274)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报