【托福备考经 ● 二. 托福阅读技巧 ● 2.2.4 句: 插句入段题】

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2.2.4 句: 插句入段题

1) 插句入段题简介

插句入段题（lnsert Text Questions）: 给一个句子，把该句子插入文章中合适的位置

 

2) 插句入段题解题技巧

段落结构法 + 指代法 + 逻辑关系法

 

3) 解题技巧详细说明和例子

(1)段落结构法

段落结构法	划分文章段落结构，根据文章结构，把句子插入合适的位置。
典型的段落结构	【典型段落结构】 主题句 Topic 解释拓展主题句Detail1 + 细节或者例证detail1 解释拓展主题句Detail2 + 细节或者例证detail2
	【说明】 主题句一般是文章的第一句或者第二句话
例子	【题目原文】lronically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in time keeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time.【1】Day and night were divided into thesame number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and nighthours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours variedwith the seasons.【2】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and thisimplied a new time reckoning.【3】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century.【4】From the start, however, thetowns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocksinstalled in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of anew, secular municipal authority. 【待插入句子】The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual.
	【结构分析】             Topic: 机械钟削弱了天主教的权威    Detail1:教会时间即自然时间   detail1: 时间随季节变化    Detail2:机械钟时长固定       detail2: 教会抵制，世俗政权接受
	lronically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority(主题句Topic). Although church ritual had sustained an interest in time keeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time(解释拓展主题句Detail1).【1】Day and night were divided into thesame number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and nighthours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours variedwith the seasons.(细节或者例证detail1)【2】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. (解释拓展主题句Detail2)【3】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century.【4】From the start, however, thetowns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocksinstalled in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of anew, secular municipal authority. (细节或者例证detail2)
	【答案分析】待插入句子The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual，意识是：时间的划分不在反应宗教礼仪的结构。因此可以判断出这属于Detail2的内容，再根据前后句子内容判断，带插入句子应该放在【3】。

 

(2)指代法

指代法	如果待插入句子中有代词this / that / such等，那么前文一定有指代的具体内容，通过寻找这个具体的指代内容，找到句子插入的位置

 

例子1

【题目原文】Finally, we may doubt the notion that the Upper Paleolithic period was a paradisein which food came readily, leaving humans ample time to amusethemselves with art.【1】For Europe it was still the lce Age.【2】An estimate of the basic level of sustenance then necessary for human survival has beenjudged at 2200 calories per day.【3】This consideration, combined with thestark emphasis upon animals in the cave art, has persuaded some archaeologists that the primary motive behind Paleolithic images must lie with the primary activity of Paleolithic people: hunting.【4】 【待插入句子】Obtaining this level of nourishmeht from such a harsh environment musthave consumed most of Paleolithic people's time and attention.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出现了代词this level , 那么前文一定出现了某种level。【3】的前面，出现了An estimate of the basic level of sustenance… 据此，待插入句子应该插入【3】。

 

例子2

【题目原文】On viewing the lush plant growth of a tropical rainforest, most people would conclude that the soil beneath it is rich innutrient. 【1】Howevey, although rain forest soils are highly variable,they have in common the fact that abundant rainfall washes mineral nutrients out of them and into streams.【2】This process is known as leathing.【3】Because of rain leaching, most tropical rain forest soils have low to very low mineral nutrient content, in dramatic contrast tomineral-rich grassland soils.【4】 【待插入句子】ln many contexts—grasslands and most other types of forest, forexample—that inference would be correct.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出现了代词that inference , 那么前文一定出现了某种推理inference。【1】的前面，出现了would conclude that … 据此，待插入句子应该插入【1】。

 

例子3

【题目原文】A large delta may spread out in this manner until it covers thousands of square kilometers. 【1】Most fans, however, are muchsmaller, covering a fraction of a square kilometer to a few square kilometers. 【2】The Mississippi River has flowed through seven different delta channels during the past 5,000 to 6,000 years.【3】But in recent years, engineers have built great systems of levees (retaining walls) in attempts to stabilize the channels.【4】 【待插入句子】lf the Mississippi River were not contained by such systems, it would probably abandon its present path and cut into the channel of a nearby river to the west.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出现了代词such systems,, 那么前文一定出现了某种system。【4】的前面，出现了engineers have built great systems of levees (retaining walls)… 据此，待插入句子应该插入【4】。

 

(3) 逻辑关系法

逻辑关系法

根据待插入句子里的一些积极或者否定的感情色彩词（positive/negative sign），寻找带插入的位置

 

例子1

【题目原文】There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different types ofwaterwheels,【1】The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent scientific and technical investigations of different designs.【2】They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. 【3】(They also proved that, in principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which an overhead stream of water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.)【4】 【待插入句子】Happily, serious studies began to be conducted to help resolve disagreements.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出现了感情积极的标志positive sign: Happily， 且提到help resolve disagreements，那么前文一定出现了某种disagreements，感情色彩是消极的。【1】的前面，出现了much debate on… 据此，待插入句子应该插入【1】。

 

例子2

【题目原文】Another immensely significant step occurred around 3100 B c E., when Sumerian accountahts extended the token-based signs to include the first real numerals.【1】Previously, units of grain had been represented by direct one-to-one correspondence—by repeating the token or symbol for a unit of grain the required number of times.【2】 The accountants, however, devised numeral signs distingt from commodity signs, so that eighteen units of grain could be indicated by preceding a single grain symbol with a symbol denoting“18".【3】Their invention of abstract numerals and abstract counting was one of the most revolutionary advances in the history of mathematics.【4】 【待插入句子】Such a system was clearly awkward for large inventories.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出现了感情消极的标志negtive sign: awkward，，那么前文感情色彩是消极的。【2】的前面，出现了Previously… 且说明以前的是不好的，【2】的后面紧接着出现了转折however…,感情转正。因此，待插入句子应该插入【2】。

 

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