模仿u-boot的makefile结构
u-boot(2014.04)是通过顶层makefile调用各子目录中的makefile来实现整个工程的编译的,实际上子目录的makefile是include进来的。这里仿照这种结构写个模板测试一下。
目录结构:
mytest:
add:
mul:
Makefile
mul.c
mul.h
add.c
add.h
Makefile
main:
main.c
Makefile
scripts:
Makefile.build
Makefile.clean
Makefile.lib
sub:
div
div.c
div.h
Makefile
sub.c
sub.h
Makefile
顶层Makefile:
1 CC := gcc 2 LD := ld 3 4 CFLAGS := -g 5 6 PHONY := all 7 8 target := mainApp 9 10 # default target 11 all: $(target) 12 13 # dirs to be compiled 14 src-dirs += add/ 15 src-dirs += sub/ 16 src-dirs += main/ 17 18 # libs to be linked 19 libs-y := $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.o,$(src-dirs)) 20 21 src-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(src-dirs)) 22 23 # include dirs 24 inc-dirs := $(addprefix -I,$(src-dirs)) 25 26 # the Makefile for building 27 build := -f scripts/Makefile.build obj 28 29 CFLAGS += $(inc-dirs) 30 export CC LD CFLAGS 31 32 33 PHONY += $(src-dirs) 34 35 # linking 36 $(target): $(src-dirs) 37 $(CC) -o $@ $(libs-y) 38 39 # compiling source dirs 40 $(src-dirs): 41 make $(build)=$@ 42 43 # Clean 44 clean-dirs := $(foreach f,$(src-dirs),$(if $(wildcard $f/Makefile),$f)) 45 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_, $(clean-dirs)) 46 PHONY += clean $(clean-dirs) 47 48 # descending to subdirs for cleaning 49 $(clean-dirs): 50 make $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@) 51 52 # just simply remove .o and target 53 clean: $(clean-dirs) 54 @find . \( -name '*.o' -o -name '$(target)' \) -type f | xargs rm -f 55 56 clean := -f scripts/Makefile.clean obj 57 .PHONY : $(PHONY)
顶层Makefile确定target,要编译的源码目录,include的路径。
第41行使用scripts/Makefile.build对各个源码目录进行编译,Makefile.build为实际编译代码的makefile,内容如下:
1 src := $(obj) 2 3 PHONY := __build 4 5 obj-y := 6 7 # include the Makefile in the $(obj) dir 8 build-dir := $(src) 9 build-file := $(build-dir)/Makefile 10 include $(build-file) 11 12 # include scripts/Makefile.lib 13 include scripts/Makefile.lib 14 15 build := -f scripts/Makefile.build obj 16 17 ifneq ($(strip $(obj-y)),) 18 builtin-target := $(obj)/built-in.o 19 endif 20 21 # default target 22 __build: $(builtin-target) $(subdir) 23 @: 24 25 # compiling .c files 26 $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c 27 $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 28 29 # subdir object 30 $(subdir-obj-y): $(subdir) ; 31 32 # linking objs 33 $(builtin-target): $(obj-y) 34 $(LD) -r -o $@ $^ 35 36 PHONY += $(subdir) 37 38 # descending to subdirs 39 $(subdir): 40 make $(build)=$@ 41 42 .PHONY : $(PHONY)
obj变量为需要编译的源码目录,例如add,第10行将add/目录下的Makefile目录包含进来,add/Makefile内容如下:
1 obj-y += add.o 2 obj-y += mul/
这里仅仅确定需编译的文件以及子目录,回到makefile.build,第13行,包含scripts/Makefile.lib文件,内容如下:
1 subdir := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-y))) 2 obj-y := $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.o, $(obj-y)) 3 subdir-obj-y := $(filter %/built-in.o, $(obj-y)) 4 5 subdir := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir)) 6 obj-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(obj-y)) 7 subdir-obj-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(subdir-obj-y))
obj-y表示要编译的目标文件,如果是目录,如mul/,则表示mul/built-in.o;subdir表示要继续编译的子目录;subdir-obj-y表示子目录下的built-in.o
回到makefile.build,第18行,每个要编译的源码目录编译之后都将会产生一个built-in.o的文件,第27行,对.c文件进行编译,即由obj-y变量所确定的文件。第40行,对子目录执行同样的过程。第33行,对每个目录链接出一个built-in.o文件,这个built-in.o由当前目录下.o文件和子目录下的.built-in.o文件链接而成。
在所有的源码目录都经过编译之后,回到顶层makefile执行最后的链接,得到target。
再看看clean目标,第49行,首先在需要进行clean的目录下使用scripts/Makefile.clean执行clean,需要clean的目录为含有makefile的源码目录。Makefile.clean内容如下:
1 src := $(obj) 2 3 PHONY := __clean 4 5 # default target 6 __clean: 7 8 clean := -f scripts/Makefile.clean obj 9 10 # include the Makefile in the $(obj) dir 11 build-dir := $(src) 12 build-file := $(build-dir)/Makefile 13 include $(build-file) 14 15 # subdir to be cleaned 16 subdir := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/,$(obj-y))) 17 subdir := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir)) 18 19 __clean-files := 20 __clean-files := $(addprefix $(obj),$(__clean-files)) 21 22 __clean-dirs := 23 __clean-dirs := $(addprefix $(obj),$(__clean-dirs)) 24 25 __clean: $(subdir) 26 ifneq ($(strip $(__clean-files)),) 27 rm -f $(__clean-files) 28 endif 29 30 ifneq ($(strip $(__clean-dirs)),) 31 rm -rf $(__clean-dirs) 32 endif 33 34 PHONY += $(subdir) 35 $(subdir): 36 make $(clean)=$@ 37 38 .PHONY: $(PHONY)
这里也是一个逐步往下clean的过程,要clean的文件由__clean-files变量指定。
回到顶层makefile,简单的一个find操作,删除目录下所有.o文件和目标。
关于include路径,u-boot讲所有头文件都集中放在了某几个目录下,于是源码中要包含其他头文件的时候是这样子做的xxx/xxx/xxx.h,我这里的main.c如下,其中对与mul和div的包含也是类似。
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include "add.h" 3 #include "sub.h" 4 #include "mul/mul.h" 5 #include "div/div.h" 6 7 void main(void) 8 { 9 int a = 1; 10 int b = 2; 11 printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b); 12 printf("a + b = %d\n", add(a, b)); 13 printf("a - b = %d\n", sub(a, b)); 14 printf("a * b = %d\n", mul(a, b)); 15 printf("a / b = %d\n", div(a, b)); 16 }
u-boot的makefile对我来说还是太复杂了,这里仅仅是它的冰山一角,可是我已经吃不消了。。。