Java并发(十四):并发工具类——CountDownLatch
先做总结:
1、CountDownLatch 是什么?
CountDownLatch 允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程(不一定是线程,某个操作)完成之后再执行。
CountDownLatch的构造函数接收一个int类型的参数作为计数器,如果你想等待N个点完成,这里就传入N。
当我们调用一次CountDownLatch的countDown方法时,N就会减1,CountDownLatch的await会阻塞当前线程,直到N变成零。
由于countDown方法可以用在任何地方,所以这里说的N个点,可以是N个线程,也可以是1个线程里的N个执行步骤。
2、实现原理:
(1)CountDownLatch 的sync属性,继承自AQS
(2)CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);时将countDownLatch.sync.state设置为5
(3)countDownLatch.await(),检查sync.state!=0时,当前线程park(),放入sync的阻塞队列
(4)countDownLatch.countDown(),sync.state - 1,如果发现sync.state==0了,唤醒sync阻塞队列中的线程
3、CountDownLatch 与 CyclicBarrier区别:
(1)CountDownLatch的计数器只能使用一次,而CyclicBarrier可以重复使用(可以重置)。
(2)CyclicBarrier还提供其他有用的方法,比如getNumberWaiting方法可以获得CyclicBarrier阻塞的线程数量。isBroken方法用来知道阻塞的线程是否被中断。
(3)CyclicBarrier针对的是线程,而CountDownLatch针对的是操作(只要调用countDownLatch.countDown()可以)。
一、应用举例
// 老板进入会议室等待5个人全部到达会议室才会开会。所以这里有两个线程老板等待开会线程、员工到达会议室: class CountDownLatchTest { private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5); // Boss线程,等待员工到达开会 static class BossThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Boss在会议室等待,总共有" + countDownLatch.getCount() + "个人开会..."); try { countDownLatch.await(); // Boss等待 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("所有人都已经到齐了,开会吧..."); } } // 员工到达会议室 static class EmpleoyeeThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",到达会议室...."); // 员工到达会议室 count - 1 countDownLatch.countDown(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { // Boss线程启动 new BossThread().start(); // 员工到达会议室 for (int i = 0; i < countDownLatch.getCount(); i++) { new EmpleoyeeThread().start(); } } }
二、类结构
public class CountDownLatch { private final Sync sync; // 锁 private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer { private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L; Sync(int count) { setState(count); } int getCount() { return getState(); } protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) { return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1; } protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) { for (;;) { int c = getState(); if (c == 0) return false; int nextc = c-1; if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc)) return nextc == 0; } } } }
三、原理解析
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);
public CountDownLatch(int count) { if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0"); this.sync = new Sync(count); } /** * CountDownLatch.Sync.Sync(int) * AQS的state用作count计数 */ Sync(int count) { setState(count); }
countDownLatch.await();
public void await() throws InterruptedException { sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1); } /** * AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireSharedInterruptibly(int) * 尝试获取锁,获取不到锁,当前进入同步队列并挂起 */ public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException { if (Thread.interrupted()) throw new InterruptedException(); if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0) // 尝试获取锁 doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg); // 获取不到锁,当前进入同步队列并挂起 } /** * CountDownLatch.Sync.tryAcquireShared(int) * state/count没有减到0之前不予许拿锁 */ protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) { return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1; }
countDownLatch.countDown();
public void countDown() { sync.releaseShared(1); } /** * AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.releaseShared(int) */ public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) { if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) { // 尝试释放锁 doReleaseShared(); // 释放掉锁之后,唤醒同步队列的线程(调用await()的线程) return true; } return false; } /** * CountDownLatch.Sync.tryReleaseShared(int) * countDown一次count/state减一 * 直到count/state减到0,return true,允许释放同步队列里的线程 */ protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) { for (;;) { int c = getState(); if (c == 0) return false; int nextc = c-1; if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc)) return nextc == 0; } }
四、CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的区别
- CountDownLatch的计数器只能使用一次。而CyclicBarrier的计数器可以使用reset() 方法重置。所以CyclicBarrier能处理更为复杂的业务场景,比如如果计算发生错误,可以重置计数器,并让线程们重新执行一次。
- CyclicBarrier还提供其他有用的方法,比如getNumberWaiting方法可以获得CyclicBarrier阻塞的线程数量。isBroken方法用来知道阻塞的线程是否被中断。