ubuntu更改国内源

1、个人安装环境

1.1 ubuntu 18.04.1

2、更新源分析

2.1 Ubuntu版本一览表

版本号
代号
发布时间
19.04 Disco Dingo 2019/4/19
18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish 2018/10/18
18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver 2018/04/26
17.10 Artful Aardvark 2017/10/21
17.04 Zesty Zapus 2017/04/13
16.10 Yakkety Yak 2016/10/20
16.04LTS Xenial Xerus 2016/04/21
15.10 Wily Werewolf 2015/10/23
15.04 Vivid Vervet 2015/04/22
14.10 Utopic Unicorn 2014/10/23
14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr 2014/04/18
13.10 Saucy Salamander 2013/10/17
13.04 Raring Ringtail 2013/04/25
12.10
Quantal Quetzal
2012/10/18
12.04 LTS
Precise Pangolin
2012/04/26
11.10
Oneiric Ocelot
2011/10/13
11.04（Unity成为默认桌面环境）
Natty Narwhal
2011/04/28
10.10
Maverick Meerkat
2010/10/10
10.04 LTS
Lucid Lynx
2010/04/29
9.10
Karmic Koala
2009/10/29
9.04
Jaunty Jackalope
2009/04/23
8.10
Intrepid Ibex
2008/10/30
8.04 LTS
Hardy Heron
2008/04/24
7.10
Gutsy Gibbon
2007/10/18
7.04
Feisty Fawn
2007/04/19
6.10
Edgy Eft
2006/10/26
6.06 LTS
Dapper Drake
2006/06/01
5.10
Breezy Badger
2005/10/13
5.04
Hoary Hedgehog
2005/04/08
4.10（初始发布版本）
Warty Warthog
2004/10/20

2.2 更新源格式分析

2.2.1 使用如下命令查看source.list帮助文档：

man sources.list

2.2.2  相应格式信息截取如下：

The format for two one-line-style entries using the deb and deb-src types is:

           deb [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]
           deb-src [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]

 说明如下:

2.2.3 suite字段的“bionic"代表什么意思？

如上已经列举Ubuntu版本一览表，相信眼尖的童鞋已经看出来了，"bionic"是18.04TLS的版本代号！所以Ubuntu18.04TLS更新源必须为如下格式：

uri bionic component1 component2 component3 component4

网上很多帖子，给出更新源url，而又不介绍自己使用Ubuntu的版本，导致很多童鞋更新源设置错误！

3、常见更新源列举

3.1 中国科技大学源

##中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3.2 阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3.3 更新源目录分析

访问http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/，目录结构如下：

单击进入dists子目录，不同的目录对应不同的Ubuntu版本代号

但个人也发现，更新源目录层级无法与阿里目录层级完全对应上，清楚的童鞋欢迎给我留言！

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/bionic/main/，目录中已经没有restricted universe multiverse

4、选取速度较快的源

4.1 ping中科大源

ping mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

 　　ping结果：

PING mirrors.ustc.edu.cn (202.141.176.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mirrors.ustc.edu.cn (202.141.176.110): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=60.9 ms
64 bytes from mirrors.ustc.edu.cn (202.141.176.110): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=55.7 ms
64 bytes from mirrors.ustc.edu.cn (202.141.176.110): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=58.6 ms
64 bytes from mirrors.ustc.edu.cn (202.141.176.110): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=58.0 ms

 　　大概需要60ms

4.2 ping阿里源

ping mirrors.aliyun.com

　　ping结果：

64 bytes from 58.215.157.229 (58.215.157.229): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=2.87 ms
64 bytes from 58.215.157.229 (58.215.157.229): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=3.21 ms
64 bytes from 58.215.157.229 (58.215.157.229): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=3.36 ms
64 bytes from 58.215.157.229 (58.215.157.229): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=3.14 ms

 　　大概需要3ms，所以我们选择阿里源

5、系统设置

5.1 备份source.list为source.list.bk

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bk

5.2 编辑source.list

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

将速度较快的阿里源地址拷贝,然后替换sources.list中所有内容

5.3 执行命令

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

 

posted @ 2020-02-08 12:33  “人生苦短”  阅读(1146)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报