elasticsearch之布尔查询
elasticsearch之布尔查询
前言
布尔查询是最常用的组合查询，根据子查询的规则，只有当文档满足所有子查询条件时，elasticsearch引擎才将结果返回。布尔查询支持的子查询条件共4中：
- must（and）
- should（or）
- must_not（not）
- filter
下面我们来看看每个子查询条件都是怎么玩的。
准备数据
PUT zhifou/doc/1
{
"name":"顾老二",
"age":30,
"from": "gu",
"desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/2
{
"name":"大娘子",
"age":18,
"from":"sheng",
"desc":"肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
"tags":["白", "富","美"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/3
{
"name":"龙套偏房",
"age":22,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags":["造数据", "真","难"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/4
{
"name":"石头",
"age":29,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"粗中有细，狐假虎威",
"tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/5
{
"name":"魏行首",
"age":25,
"from":"广云台",
"desc":"仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
"tags":["闭月","羞花"]
}must
现在，我们用布尔查询所有from属性为gu的数据：
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，我们通过在bool属性（字段）内使用must来作为查询条件，那么条件是什么呢？条件同样被match包围，就是from为gu的所有数据。
这里需要注意的是must字段对应的是个列表，也就是说可以有多个并列的查询条件，一个文档满足各个子条件后才最终返回。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 3,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，可以看到，所有from属性为gu的数据查询出来了。
那么，我们想要查询from为gu，并且age为30的数据怎么搞呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 30
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，在must列表中，在增加一个age为30的条件。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 8,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.287682,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.287682,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例，符合条件的数据被成功查询出来了。
注意：现在你可能慢慢发现一个现象，所有属性值为列表的，都可以实现多个条件并列存在
should
那么，如果要查询只要是from为gu或者tags为闭月的数据怎么搞？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "闭月"
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，或关系的不能用must的了，而是要用should，只要符合其中一个条件就返回。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 4,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.5753642,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "广云台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
"tags" : [
"闭月",
"羞花"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
}
]
}
}返回了所有符合条件的结果。
must_not
那么，如果我想要查询from既不是gu并且tags也不是可爱，还有age不是18的数据怎么办？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "可爱"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 18
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，must和should都不能使用，而是使用must_not，又在内增加了一个age为18的条件。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 9,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "广云台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
"tags" : [
"闭月",
"羞花"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，只有魏行首这一条数据，因为只有魏行首既不是顾家的人，标签没有可爱那一项，年龄也不等于18！
这里有点需要补充，条件中age对应的18你写成整形还是字符串都没啥......让洒家感受到一种比Python还自由奔放的气息！像极了JavaScript！
filter
那么，如果要查询from为gu，age大于25的数据怎么查？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gt": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}这里就用到了filter条件过滤查询，过滤条件的范围用range表示，gt表示大于，大于多少呢？是25。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，age大于25的条件都已经筛选出来了。
那么要查询from是gu，age大于等于30的数据呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 30
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，大于等于用gte表示。
结果如下：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.2876821,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}那么，要查询age小于25的呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lt": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，小于用lt表示，结果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
}
]
}
}在查询一个age小于等于18的怎么办呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 18
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，小于等于用lte表示。结果如下：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
}
]
}
}要查询from是gu，age在25~30之间的怎么查？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 25,
"lte": 30
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，使用lte和gte来限定范围。结果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}那么，要查询from是sheng，age小于等于25的怎么查呢？其实结果，我们可能已经想到了，只有一条，因为只有盛家小六符合结果。
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}结果果然不出洒家所料！
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
}
]
}
}但是，洒家手一抖，将must换为should看看会发生什么？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}结果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 3,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "广云台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
"tags" : [
"闭月",
"羞花"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
}
]
}
}结果有点出乎意料，因为龙套偏房和魏行首不属于盛家，但也被查询出来了。那你要问了，怎么肥四？小老弟！这是因为在查询过程中，优先经过filter过滤，因为should是或关系，龙套偏房和魏行首的年龄符合了filter过滤条件，也就被放行了！所以，如果在filter过滤条件中使用should的话，结果可能不会尽如人意！建议使用must代替。
注意：filter工作于bool查询内。比如我们将刚才的查询条件改一下，把filter从bool中挪出来。
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
]
},
"filter": {
"range"： {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}如上例所示，我们将filter与bool平级，看查询结果：
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "parsing_exception",
"reason": "[bool] malformed query, expected [END_OBJECT] but found [FIELD_NAME]",
"line": 12,
"col": 5
}
],
"type": "parsing_exception",
"reason": "[bool] malformed query, expected [END_OBJECT] but found [FIELD_NAME]",
"line": 12,
"col": 5
},
"status": 400
}结果报错了！所以，filter工作位置很重要。
小结：
must：与关系，相当于关系型数据库中的and。should：或关系，相当于关系型数据库中的or。must_not：非关系，相当于关系型数据库中的not。filter：过滤条件。range：条件筛选范围。gt：大于，相当于关系型数据库中的>。gte：大于等于，相当于关系型数据库中的>=。lt：小于，相当于关系型数据库中的<。lte：小于等于，相当于关系型数据库中的<=。
欢迎斧正，that's all
