本文是参照摩诘的Blog
今天遇到这样一个问题，从政府网站中，根据一个关键数据KeyData，提取相关数据。
这个问题可分为三部分解决：
1）取得政府网站交互的方法；
2）按照合适的方法，用HttpWebResponse，取得相关数据
3）分析取回来的数据
第一部分：获取网站交互信息，采用工具ieHTTPHeadersSetup.exe
得到的数据如下：
GET /search.asp?key=2006002995&ys_type=hy&imageField2.x=32&imageField2.y=20 HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)
Host: http://www.suzhou-logistics.com/
Connection: Keep-Alive
可以看出，
url: http://http://www.suzhou-logistics.com//search.asp?
Data:key=2006002995&ys_type=hy&imageField2.x=32&imageField2.y=20
也可以直接作为url：http://www.suzhou-logistics.com/search.asp?key=2006002995&ys_type=hy&imageField2.x=32&imageField2.y=20
第二部分：根据第一部分的分析，通过HttpWebResponse取HTML
在此就给出一个通用的函数
public static string GetPage(string url, string postData,string encodeType,out string err) 
{ 
Stream outstream = null; Stream instream = null; StreamReader sr = null; HttpWebResponse response = null; HttpWebRequest request = null; Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(encodeType); byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(postData); // 准备请求
try 
{ 
// 设置参数 request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer(); request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer; request.AllowAutoRedirect = true; request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; request.ContentLength = data.Length; outstream = request.GetRequestStream(); outstream.Write(data,0,data.Length); outstream.Close(); //发送请求并获取相应回应数据 response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; //直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求 instream = response.GetResponseStream(); sr = new StreamReader( instream, encoding ); //返回结果网页（html）代码 string content = sr.ReadToEnd(); err = string.Empty; return content; 
} catch(Exception ex) { err = ex.Message; return string.Empty; } 
}
第三部分：分析Html数据，有两个开源软件
SgmlReader与HtmlAgilityPack20，由于本人机器上只有vs2003，无法使用vs2005版本HtmlAgilityPack20。所以下面用SgmlReader来分析。SgmlReader可以将Html解析成格式完整的类似XML数据，可以采用Xpath进行查询，获取我们想要的数据。
取得完整的xml数据后的分析，根据post页面数据格式的不同而有区别。我取的这个页面，主要用了两个DataTable，一个保存一行基本数据，另一个保存多行的状态数据。
public static DataSet ParsePage(string pageContent, string xclpath,string xrpath,out string err) { err = string.Empty; DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DataTable table = new DataTable("QueryResult1"); DataTable table1 = new DataTable("QueryResult2"); StringWriter strWriter = null; SgmlReader sgmlReader = null; XmlTextWriter xmlWriter = null; try { sgmlReader = new SgmlReader(); sgmlReader.DocType = "HTML"; sgmlReader.InputStream = new StringReader(pageContent); strWriter = new StringWriter(); xmlWriter = new XmlTextWriter(strWriter); xmlWriter.Formatting = Formatting.Indented; sgmlReader.Read(); while (!sgmlReader.EOF) { xmlWriter.WriteNode(sgmlReader, true); } xmlWriter.Flush(); xmlWriter.Close(); string wellFormedHTML = strWriter.ToString(); if(xclpath.Trim().Length == 0) return ds; XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(new StringReader(wellFormedHTML)); XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); XPathNodeIterator nodes = nav.Select(xclpath); int i = 0; while (nodes.MoveNext()) { string sNodeText = nodes.Current.Value; if( i < nodes.Count - 5) { if( i< 17) { if(table.Columns.Contains(sNodeText)) { sNodeText = sNodeText + i.ToString(); } table.Columns.Add(sNodeText ,typeof(string)); } } else { if(table1.Columns.Contains(sNodeText)) { sNodeText = sNodeText + i.ToString(); } table1.Columns.Add(sNodeText ,typeof(string)); } i ++; } ds.Tables.Add(table); ds.Tables.Add(table1); bool bNext = false; nodes = nav.Select(xrpath); DataRow row = table.NewRow(); table.Rows.Add(row); DataRow row1 = null; int j = 0; int k = 0; while (nodes.MoveNext()) { string nodetext = nodes.Current.Value; if(table.Columns.Contains(nodetext) || table1.Columns.Contains(nodetext)) { continue; } if(!bNext) { if ( nodetext == "正在预录入") { bNext = true; } } if(!bNext) { if( j < 17) { row[j] = nodetext; j++; } } else { if( k == 0) { row1 = table1.NewRow(); table1.Rows.Add(row1); } row1[k] = nodetext; k = (k + 1) % 5; } } err = string.Empty; return ds; } catch (Exception exp) { err = exp.Message; return ds; } }有了上面的代码就可以采用如下方法调用了
private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { string sHtml = string.Empty; string sErr = string.Empty; string sUrl = @"http://www.suzhou-logistics.com/search.asp?key=2006002995&ys_type=hy&imageField2.x=32&imageField2.y=20"; DataSet ds; sHtml = WebForm1.GetPage(sUrl , string.Empty, "GB18030",out sErr); if(sErr == string.Empty) { string xcpath = @"/html/table/tr/td/table/tr/td/font/strong"; string xrpath = @"/html/table/tr/td/table/tr/td"; ds = WebForm1.ParsePage(sHtml, xcpath, xrpath,out sErr); if((sErr == string.Empty) && (ds.Tables.Count == 2)) { if(ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0]; DataGrid1.DataBind(); } if( ds.Tables[1].Rows.Count > 0) { DataGrid2.DataSource = ds.Tables[1]; DataGrid2.DataBind(); } } } }
其实SgmlReader可以直接完成从URl抓取数据的功能，即将第二部分与第三部分合并。
string SgmlReaderTest(Uri baseUri, string url, TextWriter log, bool upper, bool formatted) { string inputUri = url; try { SgmlReader r = new SgmlReader(); r.SetBaseUri(Server.MapPath(".")); r.DocType = "HTML"; r.Href = url; if (upper) r.CaseFolding = CaseFolding.ToUpper; StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(); XmlTextWriter w = new XmlTextWriter(sw); if (formatted) { w.Formatting = Formatting.Indented; r.WhitespaceHandling = WhitespaceHandling.None; } r.Read(); while (!r.EOF) { w.WriteNode(r, true); } w.Flush(); w.Close(); return sw.ToString(); } catch (Exception e) { return e.ToString(); } }