[参考]FreeBSD5.4+GNOME2.10.0安装过程
FreeBSD5.4Release X Windows 安装笔记 (Freebsd5.4R+Gnome2.10.0)
By 老管 2005-6-7 email: funpower [at] gmail.com
机器配置：
核心：P4\1.7G
主板：MSI845
内存：金士顿256*2
硬盘：迈拓40G
显卡：ATI Radeon 7500
显板：Samsung SyncMaster 753DFX
声卡：Creative Sound Blaster Live！
截图：
http://photos12.flickr.com/17954375_c817f7472a_o.png
http://photos14.flickr.com/17954433_cbff8afdaa_o.png
http://photos14.flickr.com/17954391_5fbdb8c82c_o.png
http://photos13.flickr.com/17954354_a548f2f43b_o.png
http://photos14.flickr.com/17954382_024153fee6_o.png
http://photos14.flickr.com/17954402_ba4735deda_o.png
一、安装FreeBSD5.4Release
从http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html选择一个FTP服务器下载，然后刻成光盘。接下来从光盘安装，我的几点选项：
1、选择软件包时选择最小化安装。
2、安装到ports时选择net-->cvsup，以便更新ports。
其它的都默认安装，具体可参考：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/install-start.html，安装完后重启机器。
二、配置FreeBSD
1、配置/etc/rc.conf，我的rc.conf:
hostname="gjf.jscpu.com"
defaultrouter="192.168.20.254"
ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.121.250 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_rl1="inet 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
inetd_enable="YES"
linux_enable="YES"
moused_enable="YES"
#sshd_enable="YES"
#usbd_enable="YES"
2、配置/etc/resolv.conf，我的resolv.conf:
domain jscpu.com
nameserver 221.228.255.1
nameserver 218.2.135.1
完成后重启机器。
3、将光盘放入光驱中，安装ports和src
#/stand/sysinstall
然后选择Configure-->Distributions，然后利用空格键选择src和ports两项，点install，安装完成后重启机器。
4、启用ftp（后面上传文件用）
#cd /etc
# ee inetd.conf
将ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l一行的#号去掉。
保存后退出。
三、升级ports
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc/funpower
#cd /etc
# ee funpower
修改下面一行：
default host=cvsup2.FreeBSDChina.org
然后运行如下命令：
cvsup -g -L 2 funpower
完成安装后重启机器。
四、配置内核文件
配置内核时每项说明可以参考这：http://people.freebsdchina.org/kinki/9.htm，配置中要加入对声卡的支持，关于如何安装声卡可以参考这：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html
下面是具体的操作：
#cd /sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC funpower
#ee funpower
我的内核文件如下：
#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
# http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $
machine i386
cpu I686_CPU
ident funpower
# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices.
options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
options INET # InterNETworking
options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists
options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories
options MD_ROOT # MD is a potential root device
options NFSCLIENT # Network Filesystem Client
options NFSSERVER # Network Filesystem Server
options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT
options MSDOSFS # MSDOS Filesystem
options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options GEOM_GPT # GUID Partition Tables.
options COMPAT_43 # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options SCSI_DELAY=15000 # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support
options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory
options SYSVMSG #
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
# http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $
machine i386
cpu I686_CPU
ident funpower
# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices.
options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
options INET # InterNETworking
options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists
options UFS_DIRHASH # SYSV-style message queues
options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~128k to driver.
options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~215k to driver.
options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive.
device apic # I/O APIC
# Bus support. Do not remove isa, even if you have no isa slots
device isa
device eisa
device pci
# Floppy drives
#device fdc
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device ata
device atadisk # ATA disk drives
#device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
#device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
#device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
#加载声卡
device sound
device "snd_emu10k1"
# SCSI Controllers
#device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
#device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
#device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
#device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
#device isp # Qlogic family
#device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
#device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
#device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
#device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters
#device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
#device aha # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
#device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
#device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
#device ncv # NCR 53C500
#device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
#device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
# SCSI peripherals
#device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
#device ch # SCSI media changers
#device da # Direct Access (disks)
#device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
#device cd # CD
#device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
#device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
#device amr # AMI MegaRAID
#device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID
#device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
#device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
#device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
#device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
#device iir # Intel Integrated RAID
#device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
#device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
#device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
# RAID controllers
#device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID
#device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
#device ida # Compaq Smart RAID
#device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family
#device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000
#device twe # 3ware ATA RAID
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller
device atkbd # AT keyboard
device psm # PS/2 mouse
device vga # VGA video card driver
device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device sc
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device vt
#options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console
#options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor
device agp # support several AGP chipsets
# Floating point support - do not disable.
device npx
# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device apm
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device pmtimer
# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
#device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge
#device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus
#device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus
# Serial (COM) ports
device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
# Parallel port
device ppc
device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required)
device lpt # Printer
device plip # TCP/IP over parallel
device ppi # Parallel port interface device
#device vpo # Requires scbus and da
# If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
# supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
# line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
#device puc
# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device miibus # MII bus support
#device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
#device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
#device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
#device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
#device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
#device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
#device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
#device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
#device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
#device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
#device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
#device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
#device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
#device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
#device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
#device wb # Winbond W89C840F
device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included.
#device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device ep # Etherlink III based cards
device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device ie # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device lnc # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet
# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device le
# Wireless NIC cards
device wlan # 802.11 support
device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device awi # BayStack 660 and others
device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device wl # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
# Pseudo devices.
device loop # Network loopback
device mem # Memory and kernel memory devices
device io # I/O device
device random # Entropy device
device ether # Ethernet support
#device sl # Kernel SLIP
#device ppp # Kernel PPP
device tun # Packet tunnel.
device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device md # Memory "disks"
device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device bpf # Berkeley packet filter
# USB support
#device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface
#device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
#device usb # USB Bus (required)
#device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
#device ugen # Generic
#device uhid # "Human Interface Devices"
#device ukbd # Keyboard
#device ulpt # Printer
#device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
#device ums # Mouse
#device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
#device uscanner # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
#device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet
#device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
#device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet
#device cue # CATC USB Ethernet
#device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
#device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
# FireWire support
#device firewire # FireWire bus code
#device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
#device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)
编辑好funpower后开始编译安装内核：
#/usr/sbin/config funpower
#cd ../../compile/funpower
#make depend
#make
#make intall
编译安装完成后重启机器。
五、安装Xorg和Gnome
为了安装方便，将1号和2号光盘的Packages文件夹下的All文件下的软件全部COPY到/usr/soft中：
#mkdir /usr/soft
#mount /cdrom
#cd /cdrom
#cp -R * /usr/soft
通过上面的方法将2号盘的Packages也拷入/usr/soft中。
接下来开始安装:
#cd /usr/soft
#pkg_add xorg-6.8.2.tbz //freebsd5.3之后都用xrog,不用XFree86了
#pkg_add gnome2-2.10.0.tbz
完成安装后重启机器。
六、配置xorg.conf
#cd /usr/X11R6/bin
#./xorgcfg -textmode
根据自己的硬件配置每个选项，然后选择最后第二项Write xorg.conf and quit，然后出现一个对话框问你是否将配置文件copy到/etc/X11目录中，选择OK。
然后编辑/etc/X11/xorg.conf的Section”Input Device”，使支持鼠标的滚轮：
#cd /etc/X11
#ee xorg.conf
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "Auto"
Option "Emulate3Buttons"
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
我的xorg.conf:
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Layout0"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
EndSection
Section "Files"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "freetype"
# Load "xtt"
Load "extmod"
Load "glx"
Load "dri"
Load "dbe"
Load "record"
Load "xtrap"
Load "type1"
Load "speedo"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "Auto"
Option "Emulate3Buttons"
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "keyboard"
Option "XkbModel" "pc101"
Option "XkbLayout" "us"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
### Uncomment if you don't want to default to DDC:
# HorizSync 30 - 107
# VertRefresh 48 - 120
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "ati"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1152x864"
EndSubSection
EndSection
七、配置.xinitrc
使X Windows启动时默认的桌面系统为Gnome
#echo “/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session” > ~/.xinitrc
八、运行X Windows
#startx
进入Gnome桌面系统，下面开始中文化和美化桌面Gnome.
注：这里可能会有两个提示错误，一个是说系统的hostname找不到映射，编辑/etc/hosts中，将下面一行：
192.168.20.1 gjf gjf.jscpu.com
加入其中。另一个是系统未找到声卡的驱动，你需重新安装声卡驱卡，具体见这：http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html
九、中文化及美化
1、中文化Gnome
编辑.cshrc文件：
#cd ~
#ee .cshrc
加入下面内容：
setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN
setenv LC_LANG zh_CN.eucCN
保存后退出。
2、美化Gnome字体
通过ftp将windows下的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/var/ftp/incoming中。然后做如下操作：
#mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/
#cd /var/ftp/incoming
#cp * /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/
重启机器，登陆后运行startx，进入Gnome，没出错的话这时已经是中文版了，只是字体难看些，下面设置字体：点击[桌面]-->[首选项]-->[字体]，将字体全部换成SimSun，字体大小为10，然后点[细节]选项，[平滑]选无，[微调]选轻微，[次像素顺序]选RGB。保存后关闭对话框。
十、安装常用软件
1、输入法：小企鹅输入法
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx
#make install clean
完成安装后进行配置：
配置.cshrc
#cd ~
#ee .cshrc
加入下面一行：
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
保存后退出。
配置.xinitrc
# ee xinitrc
在/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session的上面一行加入（不能放在它下面一行，否则不能启动）：
exec fcitx &
保存后退出。
退出Gnome，然后再startx，这时就能看到企鹅输入法了。
2、网页浏览器：firefox
#cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
#make install clean
3、即时通讯工具（包括OICQ）：gaim-openq
#cd /usr/ports/net/gaim-openq
#make install clean
4、MP3播放器：Xmms
#cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms
#make install clean
1) xmms菜单栏乱码解决方法：
#ee .gtkrc.mine //没有这个文件也这样操作
加入如下内容：
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
fontset = "-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,\
-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"
}
class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"
#ee ~/.xmms/config
将playlist_font和mainwin_font换成如下内容：
playlist_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
use_fontsets=FALSE
mainwin_use_xfont=FALSE
mainwin_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"
2) xmms播放列表解决方法：
打开xmms，然后，[首选项]-->[字体]-->[播放清单“浏览”]-->[filter]-->charset中选择gb2312.1980-0，然后在播放清单选项中的"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"的未尾加上*-r-*，最后变成："-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
保存后退出。
5、播放器：realplay10.0
从http://www.real.com/linux/点击download realplay下载RealPlayer10GOLD.bin至桌面。进行如下操作：
#cd ~/Desktop
#chmod a+x RealPlay10GOLD.bin
#./RealPlay10GOLD.bin
然后根据提示完成安装。
6、文档处理：OpenOffice
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/openoffice-1.1-zh-CN
#make install clean
1) 安装期间需要三个包的支持：
(1) bsd-jdk14-patches-7.tar.gz
下载地址：http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk14.html
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
(2) j2sdk-1_4_2-src.scsl.zip
下载地址：http://www.sun.com/software/communitysource/j2se/java2/download.xml
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
(3) j2sdk-1_4_2_07-linux-i586.bin
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
2) 中文化openoffice
将/var/ftp/incoming的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/usr/local/OpenOffice1.1.4/share/fonts/truetype/
3) 启动OpenOffice
#cd ~/OpenOffice.org1.1.4
#./soffice
自动起动图形界面已搞定，安装好gdm，在rc.conf中加入gdm_enable="YES"即可。
