akka构建简单分布式应用

当程序的要求达到一台计算机的极限时，我们便需要将程序分布式化，让程序运行在多台计算机上。akka提供了remote actor用来构建分布式应用。

一、remote actor

1.Actor path

　　actor的路径设计采用了类似URL的形式，即scheme://domain:port/path。scheme代表协议（http或者ftp），domain代表域名或者ip地址，port代表端口，path代表路径。所以表示一个actor的路径是akka://ServerSys@10.102.141.77:2552/user/SomeActor。路径表示远程actor的主机ip是10.102.141.77，端口是2552，actorsystem是ServerSys，Actor的名字是SomeActor。通过Actor path，我们就可以远程访问一个actor，进而进行消息的传递。

2.Actor引用

当知道远程actor的url后，我们便可以远程访问一个actor。访问通过引用远程actor来实现。

val actor = context.actorFor("akka://actorSystemName@10.0.0.1:2552/user/actorName")

一旦得到了actor的引用，你就可以象与本地actor通讯一样与它进行通迅了

actor ! "Pretty awesome feature"

二、一个简单例子

有一个本地actor：LocalActor，一个远程actor：RemoteActor。我们要实现相互之间的通信。LocalActor向RemoteActor发送一个消息"Hi there"，RemoteActor返回"Hi there got something"。

1.remote端。

remote端的目录结构如下

 包含四个文件：application.conf，build.sbt，RemoteNodeApplication.scala，RemoteActor.scala

application.conf:

RemoteSys {
    akka {
          actor {
            provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
          }
       remote {
        transport = "akka.remote.netty.NettyRemoteTransport"
        netty {
          hostname = "192.168.178.192"
          port = 2552
        }
      }
    }
}

build.sbt

name := "RemotingExampleRemoteNode"

version := "1.0"

scalaVersion := "2.9.1"

resolvers += "Typesafe Repository" at "http://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/releases/"

libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-actor" % "2.0.2",
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-remote" % "2.0.2",
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-kernel" % "2.0.2"
)

RemoteActor.scala

package org.akka.essentials.remotenode
import akka.actor.Actor

class RemoteActor extends Actor {
  def receive: Receive = {
    case message: String =>
      // Get reference to the message sender and reply back
      sender.tell(message + " 192.168.178.192 got something")
  }
}

RemoteNodeApplication.scala

package org.akka.essentials.remotenode
import akka.kernel.Bootable
import akka.actor.ActorSystem
import akka.actor.Props
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory

object RemoteActorSystem{
  def main(args: Array[String]):Unit = {
    val system = ActorSystem("RemoteNodeApp", ConfigFactory.load().getConfig("RemoteSys"))
    val remoteActor = system.actorOf(Props[RemoteActor], name = "remoteActor")
  }
}

sbt package进行编译，然后sbt run运行程序。

Remote端如果要以独立微内核的形式使用，RemoteNodeApplication.scala如下

RemoteNodeApplication.scala

package org.akka.essentials.remotenode
import akka.kernel.Bootable
import akka.actor.ActorSystem
import akka.actor.Props
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory

class RemoteNodeApplication extends Bootable {
  val system = ActorSystem("RemoteNodeApp", ConfigFactory
    .load().getConfig("RemoteSys"))

  def startup = {
    system.actorOf(Props[RemoteActor], name = "remoteActor")
  }

  def shutdown = {
    system.shutdown()
  }
}

微内核的使用参考参考文献4.

2.Local端程序

目录结构同Remote端。也是包含四个文件：application.conf，build.sbt，LocalActor.scala，LocalNodeApplication.scala。

application.conf

LocalSys {
    akka {
          actor {
            provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
          }
    }
}

build.sbt

name := "RemotingExampleLocalNode"

version := "1.0"

scalaVersion := "2.9.1"

resolvers += "Typesafe Repository" at "http://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/releases/"

libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-actor" % "2.0.2",
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-remote" % "2.0.2",
"com.typesafe.akka" % "akka-kernel" % "2.0.2"
)

LocalActor.scala

package org.akka.essentials.localnode
import akka.actor.Actor
import akka.actor.ActorLogging
import akka.actor.Address
import akka.actor.Deploy
import akka.actor.Props
import akka.dispatch.Await
import akka.pattern.ask
import akka.remote.RemoteScope
import akka.util.duration.intToDurationInt
import akka.util.Timeout

class LocalActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {

  //Get a reference to the remote actor
  val remoteActor = context.actorFor("akka://RemoteNodeApp@192.168.178.192:2552/user/remoteActor")
  implicit val timeout = Timeout(5 seconds)
  def receive: Receive = {
    case message: String =>
      val future = (remoteActor ? message).mapTo[String]
      val result = Await.result(future, timeout.duration)
      log.info("Message received from Server -> {}", result)
  }
}

LocalNodeApplication.scala

package org.akka.essentials.localnode
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
import akka.actor.ActorSystem
import akka.actor.Props

object LocalNodeApplication {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    // load the configuration
    val config = ConfigFactory.load().getConfig("LocalSys")
    val system = ActorSystem("LocalNodeApp", config)
    val clientActor = system.actorOf(Props[LocalActor])
    clientActor ! "Hello"
    Thread.sleep(4000)
    system.shutdown()
  }
}

运行结果如下（拖动图片或者另存为可以看大图）

 local端和Remote端的代码见：https://github.com/hequn8128/akka/tree/master/AkkaRemotingExample

参考文献：

1.akka官方文档中文版：http://www.gtan.com/akka_doc/index.html

2.akka essential by Munish K.G

3.akka essential code:https://github.com/write2munish/Akka-Essentials/tree/master/AkkaRemotingExample

4.akka微内核：http://www.gtan.com/akka_doc/modules/microkernel.html#microkernel