websocket简单使用
websocket
- 使用webscoket实现类似web 微信的一个即时通讯工具
- 流程
- 做前端
- 建立webserver django / flask
- 制作聊天功能
1. 轮询和长链接
1. 轮询
- 轮询:只是查询没有超时时间
- 不能保证数据的实时性
# A、B client:无限循环和服务器对话,有 xx 消息吗?
- 长轮询:默认有超时时间
# A、B client:client 发起请求至 server,等待15s(默认http超时时间) --> 等待消息时间
# -->主动断开连接
# -->收到消息主动返回
2. 长链接
- 短连接:通讯双方有数据交互时,就建立一个连接,数据发送完成后,则断开此连接,即每次连接只完成一项业务的发送。
- 长连接,指在一个连接上可以连续发送多个数据包,在连接保持期间,如果没有数据包发送,需要双方发链路检测包。
长连接特性:
- A、B client --> server 建立连接并保持连接不断开
- A to B --> server 消息转发 -->B 建立连接的情况下,可以及时准确收到消息
- 客户端和服务器保持永久性连接
- 除非有一方主动发起断开
- 消息转发
2. Websocket
- 实现的组件:werkzeug、gevent-websocket
1. 示例
- 长连接
- web + socket
- Flask + Websocket 模块 + gevent-websocket
# 下载 gevent-websocket,Websocket
# 请求处理 WSGI 处理 HTTP 请求,WebSocketHandler处理socket请求
# 使用 WSGIServer 替换flask的 Werkzueg
# 语法提示
from flask import Flask
from geventwebsocket.hander import WebSocketHandler
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/ws')
def ichat():
print(request.environ)
ws_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket
try:
while True:
msg = ws_socket.receive()
print(msg)
ws_socket.send(b'xxx')
except:pass
# return '200 ok!'
if __name__ == '__main__':
# handler_class=WSGIhandler(not sure),只支持http请求
http_server = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9527), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)
http_server.server_forever()
2. websocket的状态码
- 0:连接创建失败,
- 1:当前link激活,处于可用状态
- 2:客户端主动断开连接,看不到其状态码
- 3:服务器主动发起断开
<script type='application/javascript'>
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:5000/chat');
ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
console.log(messageEvent.data);
var ptag = document.createElement('p');
ptag.innerText = messageEvent.data;
document.getElementById('content_list').appendChild(ptag);
};
function send_message() {
var msg = document.getElementById('content').value;
ws.send(msg);
}
</script>
// ws.close
3. websocket
1. 单聊示例
- 群聊时使用 socket_list = [],记录每个连接用户socket_obj
- 单聊时使用 socket_dict = {},记录sender 、reciver 和 msg
socket_list = []
@app.route('/chat/<username>')
def chat(username):
# print(request.environ)
websocket_obj = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket
websocket_dict[username] = websocket_obj
while True:
msg = websocket_obj.receive()
msg_dict = json.loads(msg)
receiver = msg_dict.get('receiver')
try:
receiver_socket = websocket_dict.get(receiver)
receiver_socket.send(msg)
except:
msg = {'sender': '系统',
'receiver': username,
'data':'对方不在线',
}
websocket_obj.send(json.dumps(msg))
@app.route('/ws')
def ws():
return render_template('ptop.html')
- ptop.html中的 js
<script type="application/javascript">
var ws;
function send_message() {
var msg = {
sender:document.getElementById('username').value,
receiver:document.getElementById('receiver').value,
data:document.getElementById('content').value,
};
var data = JSON.stringify(msg);
ws.send(data);
var ptag = document.createElement('p');
ptag.innerText = msg.data + ':' + msg.sender;
ptag.style.cssText = "text-align:right";
document.getElementById('content_list').appendChild(ptag);
}
function login() {
var username = document.getElementById('username').value;
ws = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:5000/chat/' + username);
ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
// 收到信息后先反序列化,在创建 p 标签并加入到div中
var msg = JSON.parse(messageEvent.data);
var ptag = document.createElement('p');
ptag.innerText = msg.sender + ':' + msg.data;
document.getElementById('content_list').appendChild(ptag);
};
}
</script>
2. 基于websocket实现群聊
- 建立websocket 服务 + Flask web 框架 + Gevent-WebSocket
- requst.environ.get('wsgi.websocket')获取链接,并保存到服务器中
- 基于长连接socket 接收用户传递的消息
- 将消息转发给其他用户
3. 基于javascirpt 实现websocket客户端
- 服务器保存的连接方式变化,以dict形式储存
- 存储结构:
- 消息发送时,receiver, data =
- 从data中找到接收方的key
- 去存储结构中找到 key 对应的websocket连接
- websocket.send(data). socket传输, bytes类型
- js 中常用的事件
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://ip:port/路径')
// ws.onmessage 当ws客户端收到消息时执行回调函数
// ws.onopen 当ws客户端建立完成连接时, status == 1 时执行
// ws.onclose 当ws客户端关闭中后关闭,执行的回调函数,status 2 或 3
// ws.onerror 当ws客户端出现错误时
ws.onmessage = func(messageEvent){
...
}
4. 示例
import json
from flask import Flask, request
from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket
ws = Flask(__name__)
web_socket = {}
@ws.route('/app/<user_id>')
def app(user_id):
app_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket
web_socket[user_id] = app_socket
print('建立app_socket连接。。。', app_socket, user_id)
while True:
try:
# 收发数据
msg = app_socket.receive()
msg_info = json.loads(msg)
receiver = msg_info.get('to_user')
receiver_socket = web_socket.get(receiver)
try:
receiver_socket.send(msg)
except:
web_socket.pop(receiver)
except:
pass
@ws.route('/toy/<toy_id>')
def toy(toy_id):
toy_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket
web_socket[toy_id] = toy_socket
print('保持toy_socket连接。。。', toy_socket, toy_id)
while True:
try:
msg = toy_socket.receive()
msg_info = json.loads(msg)
receiver = msg_info.get('to_user')
receiver_socket = web_socket.get(receiver)
receiver_socket.send(msg)
except:
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
http_server = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9528), ws, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)
http_server.serve_forever()
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