CentOS6.5上安装Python2.7和PIP

目前大部分用户使用的CentOS6.5上默认的Python还是2.6版本。升级到Python2.7碰到很多问题。本文将介绍如何安装Python2.7。

1. 安装必要的准备包

        安装过程将用到gcc，方便起见，安装“Development Tools”

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

         另外，Python安装中需要的一些依赖包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

2. 下载安装Python2.7

        目前Python2.7的最新版本是2.7.11。可以在下面的网站查询：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

        2.7.11的下载链接是：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz
tar vxf Python-2.7.11.tgz
cd Python-2.7.11.tgz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

　　安装完成后，通过运行python，可以看到版本

>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'2.7.11 (default, May  6 2016, 01:38:00) \n[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)]'

3.安装pip

　　pip是python的安装工具，很多python的常用工具，都可以通过pip进行安装。

　　要安装pip，首先要安装setuptools。下面的链接可以得到相关信息，最新版本是21.0.0:

　　https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

　　下载链接：

　　https://pypi.python.org/packages/ff/d4/209f4939c49e31f5524fa0027bf1c8ec3107abaf7c61fdaad704a648c281/setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz#md5=81964fdb89534118707742e6d1a1ddb4

　　同样的，进行安装：

tar vxf setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz 
cd setuptools-21.0.0
python setup.py  install

　　安装完成后，下载pip。其信息在如下网站：

　　https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

　　最新版是8.1.1，下载链接：

　　https://pypi.python.org/packages/41/27/9a8d24e1b55bd8c85e4d022da2922cb206f183e2d18fee4e320c9547e751/pip-8.1.1.tar.gz#md5=6b86f11841e89c8241d689956ba99ed7

　　同样的，进行安装

tar vxf pip-8.1.1.tar.gz 
cd pip-8.1.1
python setup.py install

　　安装完成后，运行pip

[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# pip

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output.
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# 

　　安装一个程序检测：

[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# pip install psutil
Collecting psutil
  Downloading psutil-4.1.0.tar.gz (301kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 307kB 274kB/s 
Installing collected packages: psutil
  Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
Successfully installed psutil-4.1.0

4. 载入常用的tab.py程序

#!/usr/bin/evn python
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
   readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
   pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter