HTML学习（2）

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HTML类

使用 <div>来进行给文章的分类，然后我们就可以为文章的类定义css样式，为相同的类设置相同的样式，或者为不同的类设置不同的样式。

如下所示：我们为下面的文章的几块定义了 <div>属性，则表示他们属于类，并且都属于 cities一类，所以我们便可以在<head>中统一设置他们的类样式，如.cities所示

<html>
    <head>
        <!-- 分类设置样式 -->
        <style>
            .cities{
                background-color: rgb(249, 255, 207);
                color: rgb(33, 113, 120);
                margin: 20;
                padding: 20;
            }
            
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <!-- ylh 类-->
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>This is the Title</h2>
            <p>
                London is the capital city of England. 
                It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
                with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
            </p>
            <p>
                Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
                 its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
            </p>
        </div>       
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>Paris</h2>
            <p>
                Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.
            </p>
            <p>
                Situated on the Seine River, it is at the heart of the le-de-France region, also known as the region parisienne.
            </p>
            <p>
                Within its metropolitan area is one of the largest population centers in Europe,
                 with over 12 million inhabitants.
            </p>
        </div>
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>Tokyo</h2>
            <p>
                Tokyo is the capital of Japan, 
                the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
                 and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.
            </p>
            <p>
                It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace,
                 and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
            </p>
            <p>
                The Tokyo prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with 38 million people and the world's largest urban economy.
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

使用<span>来定义行内的类，设置此属性，能够为某一行的内容设置样式。

<html>
    <head>
        <!-- 分类设置样式 -->
        <style>
            .cities{
                background-color: rgb(249, 255, 207);
                color: rgb(33, 113, 120);
                margin: 20;
                padding: 20;
            }
            .red{
                color: red;
            }
            .yellow{
                color: brown;
            }
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <!-- ylh 类-->
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>This is the Title</h2>
            <p>
                London is the capital city of England. 
                <span class="red"> is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
                with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span>
            </p>
            <p>
                Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
                 its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
            </p>
        </div>       
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>Paris</h2>
            <p>
                Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.
            </p>
            <span class="red">
                Situated on the Seine River, it is at the heart of the le-de-France region, also known as the region parisienne.
            </span>
            <p>
                Within its metropolitan area is one of the largest population centers in Europe,
                 with over 12 million inhabitants.
            </p>
        </div>
        <div class="cities">
            <h2>Tokyo</h2>
            <p>
                Tokyo is the capital of Japan, 
                the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
                 and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.
            </p>
            <p>
                It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace,
                 and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
            </p>
            <span class="yellow">
                The Tokyo prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with 38 million people and the world's largest urban economy.
            </span>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

HTML id属性

id用于为html指定唯一的id属性。id在html中是唯一的，id属性用于为特定样式表进行样式的设置。

注意id的写法：前面是一个#号，后面跟的是id名称，然后再花括号中定义css属性

然后再具有id的标签元素中，我们便可以改变他为指定的样式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
            #ylh{
                background-color:rgb(199, 149, 114);
                color: black;
                text-align: center;
                font-size: 50px;
            }
            .red{
                color: red;
            }
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>id属性</h1>
        <p>设置id属性来指定样式</p>
        <h2 id="ylh">London</h2>
        <div>
            <p>
                London is the capital city of England. 
                <span class="red"> is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
                with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span>
            </p>
            <p>
                Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
                its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Longinus.
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

id对大小写敏感！

id至少包含一个字符，并且不能包含空格

class与id的区别：同一个class可以由多个HTML元素使用，但是一个id只能被页面的唯一一个HTML元素使用

使用id来进行跳转，类似于书签的跳转：

也可以跳转到另一个界面。

<a href="C1">点击跳转到第一章</a>

...

<h2 id="C1">
    第一章: xxxxx
</h2>

....

<a href="C1">点击跳转到第一章</a>
<a href="F:\code\html\test2.html#C1">跳转到另一个界面的标签</a>

在 JavaScript 中使用 id 属性

HTML内联框架

使用<iframe>在网页内创建网页：

height和width属性来指定显示的网页的宽度和高度，frameborder来隐藏边框

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>

我们的内联框架是 google.com，然后我们为其设置了一个name，之后在<a>标签中我们又指定了网页跳转的target，因此最终我们的网站将会在内联框架中显示

<iframe src="https://google.com" name="helloylh" width="500" height="500" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<a href="https://helloylh.com" target="helloylh">点击这里</a>

HTML Javascript

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h1>我的第一段JavaScript</h1>
        <button type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('Time').innerHTML = Date()">点击显示时间</button>
        <p id="Time"></p> <!-- 在这里显示时间 -->
    </body>
</html>

我的第一段JavaScript

<script>标签用来定义客户端脚本，即可以包含脚本语句，也可以通过src属性指向外部脚本文件。

🐀🐂🐅🐇🐉🐍🐎🐏🐒🐥🐕🐖

<p id="demo"></p> <!-- 在此显示 -->
<script>
    document.getElementById('demo').innerHTML = "🐀🐂🐅🐇🐉🐍🐎🐏🐒🐥🐕🐖";
</script>

JavaScript的简单介绍：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h1>javascript举例</h1>
        <p>javascript修改文字</p>
        <button type="button" onclick="button_function1()">点击我，修改下面的内容</button>
        <button type="button" onclick="button_function2()">点击这里，修改下面的文字的样式</button>
        <p id="demo1">这是原来的内容！</p>
        <p id="demo2">这是一段话</p>
        <script>
            function button_function1(){
                document.getElementById('demo1').innerHTML = "🐀🐂🐅🐇🐉🐍🐎🐏🐒🐥🐕🐖";
            }
            function button_function2(){
                document.getElementById('demo2').style.fontSize = '50px';
                document.getElementById('demo2').style.color = 'red';
                document.getElementById('demo2').style.background = 'black';
            }
        </script>
        <noscript>抱歉，您的浏览器不支持javascript</noscript>
    </body>
</html>

HTML文件路径

文件的相对路径：

相对路径	内容
"picture/images.png"	同一级文件夹下的picture文件夹的images.png图片
"images.png"	当前文件夹下的images.png图片
"/picture/images.png"	根目录下的pciture文件夹下的images.png图片
"../images.png"	上一级文件夹下的images.png图片

使用相对路径是个好习惯。

HTML头部

<head>是所有头部元素的容器，可以将以下标签添加到<head>中：<title>、<base>、<link>、<meta>、<script> 以及 <style>。

<title>标签：定义文档的标题。

<head>
    <title>一个简单的JavaScript测试网页</title>
</head>

<base>标签：指定链接的基地址与其他属性，在下面我们需要用到的时候直接使用相对路径即可

等价于：https://cdnjson.com/images/2023/04/01/6666.png

 <!-- 指定默认链接基地址与打开方式 -->
<base href="https://cdnjson.com/images/2023/04/01/">
<base target="_blank">

...

<a href="6666.png">点击打开图片</a>

<link>：通过外部样式表进行格式化

<head>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="theme.css" />
</head>

<style>：规定标签元素的样式：为网页主题设置颜色

<style>
    body{
        background-color: antiquewhite; 
    }
</style>

<meta>：提供页面的信息。提供页面的元数据，但是这些数据对于用户是不可见的，但是对于机器是可见的。

常被用于规定页面的描述，关键词，作者，最后修改时间与其他数据。

下面规定了页面的描述与页面关键字

<meta name="description" content="test javascript">
<meta name="keywords" content="css javascript cpp">

name 和 content 属性的作用是描述页面的内容。

<script>：定义客户端的脚本。

posted @ 2023-04-12 12:57 hugeYlh 阅读(11) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

helloylh