swing学习

1.Swing组件类的层次
　　Swing组件分从显示效果上分为两种类型：JComponent类和Window类；
　　　　JComponent组件主要包括一些不能独立显示的组件（必须依附与其他组件才能显示）。
　　　　　　JPanel
　　　　　　JTable
　　　　　　JTree
　　　　　　JTextArea
　　　　　　JTextField
　　　　　　JButton
　　　　Window组件类主要包括可以独立显示的组件。
　　　　　　JFrame
　　　　　　JDialog

　　Swing组件从功能上分为三种类型：
　　　　顶级组件（顶级容器，可以独立显示）
　　　　　　JFrame、JApplet、JDialog、JWindow
　　　　中间组件
　　　　　　中间容器类（可以充当容器，但不能独立显示）
　　　　　　JPanel、JScrollPane、JSplitPane、JToolBar
　　　　　　特殊中间组件类（在GUI上起特殊作用的中间层，属于中间容器类，但是能起到美化和专业化的作用）
　　　　　　JInternalFrame、JLayeredPane、JRootPane等
　　　　基本组件（实现人机交互的组件，只能依附于中间组件才能显示）
　　　　　　JButton、JComboBox、JList、JMenu、JSlider、JTextField等

2.Window类
　　一切图形化的东西必须包括在顶级容器内。Swing中主要有三种可以使用的顶级容器：
　　　　JFrame（用于设计类似于Windows系统中的窗口程序）
　　　　　　内容面板（ContentPane）
　　　　　　　　基本组件
　　　　　　菜单条
　　　　JDialog（用于设计对话框）

3.JComponent类（所有轻量级组件的父类）
　　JComponent的九大特性：
　　　　Tooltips工具提示功能（鼠标停在组件上，显示提示），通过setToolTipText实现
　　　　绘画和边框（setBorder，BorderFactory）
　　　　可插入的观感器（定制自己的桌面，更换新的颜色方案，包括默认、Motif和Windows的L&F）
　　　　自定义属性
　　　　layout支持
　　　　无障碍
　　　　拖拽支持
　　　　双缓冲
　　　　键绑定

4.布局管理器　　

　　BorderLayout：东、南、西、北、中；（默认布局，默认被放置到中）

　　

　　FlowLayout：按照加入的先后顺序排列，行满换行；从左到右，居中排列；

　　

　　GridLayout：将空间划分为网状区域；

　　

　　GriBagLayout：网状划分，功能较GridLayout复杂；

　　　　//太复杂了,给你个链接 https://www.cnblogs.com/aipan/p/6831872.html
　　CardLayout：将组件当成卡片，每一只能显示一个。

　　　　

　　BoxLayout：通过允许在容器中水平或垂直的方式安排多个组件；
　　SpringLayout：通过定义组件边沿的关系来实现布局；
　　GroupLayout：指定一个窗体上组件彼此之间的关系。

　　绝对定位，setLayout(null)把布局管理器设置为空，为每个组件调用setBounds()放啊发传递位置

5.常见组件

　　JPanel  普通面板组件

　　JScrollPane  带滚动的面板组件

　　　　

 

 

　　JSplitPane 带分割的面板组件

　　　　

 

　　JTabbedPane 选项卡组件

　　　　

 

 

　　JLabel  标签

　　JTextField  文本框

　　JTextArea  文本区域

　　JPasswordField   密码框

　　JRadioButton   ButtonGroup   单选框

　　JCheckBox   复选框

　　

 

 　　JMenuBar

　　　　

 

 

 6. Swing与并发

　　　　当你使用swing编程时，就是在使用线程。在本章开头曾说过，所有的事物都应该通过SwingUtilities.invokeLater(）提交swing事件分发线程。但是，不用显示的创建Thread对象这一事实意味着多线程问题可能会让你大吃一惊，你必须牢记存在着一个Swing事件分发线程，他始终在那里，通过从事件队列中拉出每个事件并依次执行它们，来处理所有的swing事件。牢记事件分发线程，将有助于确保你的应用免遭死锁和竞争条件影响。本节将讲述在使用Swing时所产生的多线程问题。

　　

package com.example.demo.swing;

import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class LongRunningTask extends JFrame{
    private JButton b1 = new JButton("Start long Running Task");
    private JButton b2 = new JButton("End long Running Task");
    
    public LongRunningTask() {
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("Task completed");
            }
        });
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        });
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(b1);
        add(b2);
        
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingConsole.run(new LongRunningTask(), 200, 150);
    }
}

　　存在的问题，点击按钮之后无响应，点击第二个按钮并不会中断等待。

package com.example.demo.swing;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

class Task implements Runnable{
    private static int counter = 0;
    private final int id = counter++;
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(this + " started");
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(this + " interrupted");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println(this + " comleted");
    }
    
    public String toString() {
        return "Task " + id;
    }
    
    public long id() {
        return id;
    }
    
}

public class InterruptableLongRunningTask extends JFrame{
    private JButton b1 = new JButton("Start long Running Task");
    private JButton b2 = new JButton("End long Running Task");
    
    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    
    public InterruptableLongRunningTask() {
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Task task = new Task();
                executorService.execute(task);
                System.out.println(task + " added to the queue");
            }
        });
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                executorService.shutdownNow();
            }
        });
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(b1);
        add(b2);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingConsole.run(new InterruptableLongRunningTask(), 200, 150);
    }
}

　　仍然存在问题shutdownNow(）之后不能再执行任务了，所以需要Callable/Future.

 

public class TaskItem<R,C extends Callable<R>> {
    public final Future<R> future;
    public final C task;
    
    public TaskItem(Future<R> future,C task) {
        this.future = future;
        this.task = task;
    }
}

public class TaskManager<R,C extends Callable<R>> extends ArrayList<TaskItem<R,C>>{
    private ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    
    public void add(C task) {
        add(new TaskItem<R, C>(exec.submit(task), task));
    }
    
    public List<R> getResults(){
        List<R> result = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterator<TaskItem<R, C>> items = iterator();
        while(items.hasNext()) {
            TaskItem<R, C> item = items.next();
            if(item.future.isDone()) {
                try {
                    result.add(item.future.get());
                } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                items.remove();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    
    public List<String> purge(){
        Iterator<TaskItem<R, C>> items = iterator();
        List<String> results = new ArrayList<>();
        while(items.hasNext()) {
            TaskItem<R, C> item = items.next();
            if(!item.future.isDone()) {
                results.add("Cancelling "+item.task);
                item.future.cancel(true);
                items.remove();
            }
        }
        return results;
    }
}

============================================================================================================================

class Task implements Runnable{
    private static int counter = 0;
    private final int id = counter++;
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(this + " started");
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(this + " interrupted");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println(this + " comleted");
    }
    
    public String toString() {
        return "Task " + id;
    }
    
    public long id() {
        return id;
    }
    
}

class CallableTask extends Task implements Callable<String>{

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        run();
        return "Return value of " + this;
    }
    
}

public class InterruptableLongRunningCallable extends JFrame{
    private JButton b1 = new JButton("Start Long Running Task");
    private JButton b2 = new JButton("End Long Running Task");
    private JButton b3 = new JButton("Get results");
    
    private TaskManager<String, CallableTask> manager = new TaskManager<>();
    
    public InterruptableLongRunningCallable() {
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                CallableTask task = new CallableTask();
                manager.add(task);
                System.out.println(task + " added to the queue");
            }
        });
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                for(String result:manager.purge()) {
                    System.out.println(result);
                }
            }
        });
        b3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                for(TaskItem<String, CallableTask> tt:manager) {
                    tt.task.id();
                }
                for(String result:manager.getResults()) {
                    System.out.println(result);
                }
            }
        });
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(b1);
        add(b2);
        add(b3);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingConsole.run(new InterruptableLongRunningCallable(), 200, 150);
    }

}

　　通常你还需要一个带进度条的友好提示界面

package com.example.demo.swing;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.ProgressMonitor;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

class MonitoredCallable implements Callable<String>{
    private static int counter = 0;
    private final int id = counter++;
    
    private final ProgressMonitor monitor;
    private static final int MAX = 8;
    
    public MonitoredCallable(ProgressMonitor monitor) {
        this.monitor = monitor;
        monitor.setNote(toString());
        monitor.setMaximum(MAX-1);
        monitor.setMillisToPopup(500);
    }
    

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(this + " stared");
        try {
            for(int i=0;i<MAX;i++) {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
                if(monitor.isCanceled()) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }
                final int progess = i;
                SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                    
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        monitor.setProgress(progess);
                    }
                });
            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            monitor.close();
            System.out.println(this + " interrupted");
            return "Result: " + this + " interrupted";
        }
        System.out.println(this + " completed");
        return "Result: " + this + " completed";
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Task " + id;
    }
}

public class MonitoredLongRunningCallable extends JFrame{
    private JButton b1 = new JButton("Start Long Running Task");
    private JButton b2 = new JButton("End Long Running Task");
    private JButton b3 = new JButton("Get results");
    
    private TaskManager<String, MonitoredCallable> manager = new TaskManager<>();
    
    public MonitoredLongRunningCallable() {
        b1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                MonitoredCallable task = new MonitoredCallable(new ProgressMonitor(MonitoredLongRunningCallable.this, "Long-Running Task", "", 0, 0));
                manager.add(task);
                System.out.println(task + " added to the queue");
            }
        });
        
        b2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                for(String resutl:manager.purge()) {
                    System.out.println(resutl);
                }
            }
        });
        
        b3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                for(String result:manager.getResults()) {
                    System.out.println(result);
                }
            }
        });
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(b1);
        add(b2);
        add(b3);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingConsole.run(new MonitoredLongRunningCallable(), 200, 500);
    }
}

22.10.2 可视化线程机制

package com.example.demo.swing;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.sql.Time;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

class CBox extends JPanel implements Runnable{
    private int pause;
    private static Random rand = new Random();
    private Color color = new Color(0);
    
    public CBox(int pause) {
        this.pause = pause;
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(color);
        Dimension s = getSize();
        g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
            color = new Color(rand.nextInt(0xFFFFFF));
            repaint();
            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(pause);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
}

public class ColorBoxes extends JFrame{
    private int grid = 12;
    private int pause = 50;
    private static ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    
    public void setUp() {
        setLayout(new GridLayout(grid,grid));
        for(int i=0;i<grid*grid;i++) {
            CBox cBox = new CBox(pause);
            add(cBox);
            exec.execute(cBox);
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ColorBoxes boxes = new ColorBoxes();
        if(args.length>0) {
            boxes.grid = new Integer(args[0]);
        }
        if(args.length>1) {
            boxes.pause = new Integer(args[1]);
        }
        boxes.setUp();
        SwingConsole.run(boxes, 500, 400);
    }
}

22.11 可视化编程与JavaBean

　　Introspector(内省器)

package com.example.demo.swing;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Event;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.EventSetDescriptor;
import java.beans.IntrospectionException;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.MethodDescriptor;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.WildcardType;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class BeanDumper extends JFrame{
    private JTextField query = new JTextField(20);
    private JTextArea results = new JTextArea();
    
    public void print(String s) {
        results.append(s+"\n");
    }
    
    public void dump(Class<?> bean) {
        results.setText("");
        BeanInfo bInfo = null;
        try {
            bInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean,Object.class);
        } catch (IntrospectionException e) {
            System.out.println("couldn't introspect " + bean.getName());
            e.printStackTrace();
            return;
        }
        for(PropertyDescriptor d:bInfo.getPropertyDescriptors()) {
            Class<?> p = d.getPropertyType();
            if(p==null) continue;
            System.out.println("property type: " + p.getName() + "property name: "+d.getName());
            Method readMethod = d.getReadMethod();
            if(readMethod!=null) {
                System.out.println("read method: "+readMethod);
            }
            Method writeMethod = d.getWriteMethod();
            if(writeMethod!=null) {
                System.out.println("write metho: "+writeMethod);
            }
            System.out.println("==============================");
        }
        System.out.println("public methods:");
        for(MethodDescriptor m:bInfo.getMethodDescriptors()) {
            System.out.println(m.getMethod().toString());
        }
        System.out.println("==============================");
        System.out.println("event support:");
        for(EventSetDescriptor e:bInfo.getEventSetDescriptors()) {
            System.out.println("Listener type: "+e.getListenerType().getName());
            for(Method lm:e.getListenerMethods()) {
                System.out.println("Listener method: "+lm.getName());
            }
            for(MethodDescriptor lm:e.getListenerMethodDescriptors()) {
                System.out.println("method descriptor: "+ lm.getMethod());
            }
            Method addListener = e.getAddListenerMethod();
            System.out.println("Add listener Method "+ addListener);
            Method removeListener = e.getRemoveListenerMethod();
            System.out.println("remove listener Method"+removeListener);
            System.out.println("==========================");
        }
    }
    
    class Dumper implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String name = query.getText();
            Class<?> c = null;
            try {
                c = Class.forName(name);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
                results.setText("couldn't find "+name);
                return;
            }
            dump(c);
        }
        
    }
    
    public BeanDumper() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        panel.add(new JLabel("Qualified bean name"));
        panel.add(query);
        add(BorderLayout.NORTH,panel);
        add(new JScrollPane(results));
        Dumper dumper = new Dumper();
        query.addActionListener(dumper);
        query.setText("com.example.demo.swing.Frog");
        dumper.actionPerformed(new ActionEvent(dumper, 0, ""));
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingConsole.run(new BeanDumper(), 600, 500);
    }
}