Java中的多态
一、总结
1.多态:当子类对象赋值给父类对象后,通过父类对象调用成员方法,恰好子类重写了这个成员方法,此时通过父类调用到的是子类的成员方法(若没重写则是继承父类的方法)。
2.向上转换的时候(Father的对象=Son的对象)不需要加强制类型转换,也就是说子类对象可以直接赋值给父类对象。
但是父类对象不能直接赋值给子类对象,向下转换(Son的对象=Father的对象)的时候就需要加强制类型转换,并且前提是Father对象来源于Son对象,也即是如下关系。当有多个子对象时需要借助instanceof来判断实例来源于哪个类。
Father f = new Son();
Son s = (Son)f; /*约等效于:Son s = new Son()*/
3.instanceof关键字:用来判断一个对象是不是某个类的实例。
注意:所有的子类的对象都可以认为是父类的实例。所有的子类对象在判断 (子类对象实例 instanceof 父类类型) 的时候都是为真的。
4.Object类是所有类的父类,它可以做左值接收任何对象,但是不一定能表现出多态,因为Object中可能根本没有实现你要多态的函数。
5.当你重写一个继承来的成员方法时,访问权限不能更weaker(eg:把继承来的protected方法变为private), 但是可以更Stronger,例如把protected方法重写为public方法。
二、试验Demo
/*Cnv4.java: Test Father=Son*/ class Father { private int money; public int getMoney() {return money; } public void setMoney(int money) {this.money = money; } public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is Father");} } class Son extends Father{ public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is son");} public void playGame() {System.out.println("playGame ...");} } class Daughter extends Father{ public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is daughter");} } public class Cnv4 { public static void main (String args[]) { Father f = new Father(); Son s = new Son(); Daughter d = new Daughter(); print(f); print(s); print(d); } public static void print(Father f) { f.printInfo(); } }
打印:
This is Father
This is son
This is daughter
/*Cnv5.java: Test Son=Father in printAction()*/ class Father { private int money; public int getMoney() {return money; } public void setMoney(int money) {this.money = money; } public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is Father");} public void drink() {System.out.println("drink ...");} } class Son extends Father{ public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is son");} public void playGame() {System.out.println("playGame ...");} } class Daughter extends Father{ public void printInfo() {System.out.println("This is daughter");} public void dance() {System.out.println("dance ...");} } public class Cnv5 { public static void main (String args[]) { Father f = new Father(); Son s = new Son(); Daughter d = new Daughter(); printAction(f); printAction(s); printAction(d); printAction_2(f); printAction_2(s); printAction_2(d); } public static void printAction(Father f) { /*Son --> Father --> Son*/ if (f instanceof Son) { Son son = (Son)f; son.playGame(); } else if (f instanceof Daughter) { Daughter d = (Daughter)f; d.dance(); } else if (f instanceof Father) { f.drink(); } } public static void printAction_2(Father f) { /*Son --> Father --> Son*/ if (f instanceof Father) { f.drink(); } else if (f instanceof Son) { Son son = (Son)f; son.playGame(); } else if (f instanceof Daughter) { Daughter d = (Daughter)f; d.dance(); } } }
打印内容:
drink ...
playGame ...
dance ...
drink ...
drink ...
drink ...
posted on 2019-02-24 11:08 Hello-World3 阅读(143) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报