oracle 闪回、归档的设置建议
闪回与归档的相关测试 详见博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/hellojesson/p/7050097.html
数据库在归档模式下的管理 详见博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/hellojesson/p/7182219.html
场景描述:
本地数据库 当前运行在非归档模式 没有开启闪回功能!!!
我们要做的操作是将:数据库切换在归档模式 ,开启数据库的闪回功能;
并且:自定义闪回恢复区路径以及大小 自定义归档日志存放路径。
补充一个操作说明:其实可以参照oracle默认的配置,将归档日志存放在闪回区的指定路径中,这里是为了说明,归档是可以自己定义指定目录存放的,因此下文中的操作,将归档日志放在了和闪回不同的目录!!!
在ORACLE10g和11g版本,ORACLE默认的日志归档路径为闪回恢复区($ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area)。对于这个路径,ORACLE有一个限制,就是默认只有2G的空间,而且不只是归档日志的默认路径,也是备份文件和闪回日志的默认地址,
这样的话归档日志所使用的空间就达不到2G,在没有设置好这个路径大小的情况下,很多系统都遇到过归档日志满,无法归档而导致数据库夯住的问题。虽然闪回恢复区ORACLE会自动管理,即闪回恢复区空间不足就会清理掉没用的数据,但是如果备份策略不是很完善,数据库非常繁忙的情况下,还是有可能遇到无法归档导致数据库夯住的问题,这时候通常需要修改归档日志的路径,将归档日志放到其他不受限制的路径下来解决这个问题,这种情况下就可通过下面操作来实现。
确认当前系统环境: 没有开启归档 没有开启闪回
SQL> archive log list Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 6 Current log sequence 8 SQL> select flashback_on from v$database; FLASHBACK_ON ------------------ NO
(1) 首先设置 归档日志路径 设置归档日志存放格式
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch'; System altered. SQL> archive log list Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled Archive destination /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 6 Current log sequence 8
打开归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered.
修改日志文件命名格式:
SQL> alter system set log_archive_max_processes = 5; SQL> alter system set log_archive_format = "%t_%s_%r.dbf" scope=spfile; --- 注意: 上方的%t_%s_%r.dbf命名格式,10g之后必须包含%t %s %r否则后续会报错!!! 出现:“ORA-19905:log_archive_format must contain %s,%t and %r”错误,实例将无法启动。 SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 6 Next log sequence to archive 8 Current log sequence 8
(2) 开启闪回:
SQL> alter database flashback on; alter database flashback on * ERROR at line 1: ORA-38706: Cannot turn on FLASHBACK DATABASE logging. ORA-38709: Recovery Area is not enabled. ---如果出现上述 报错 需要先在数据库层面创建:闪回的路径 并指定空间大小 (有网友说这块必须得先设置空间大小再指定路径,否则报错,我这块暂没有遇到这种情况,如果提示相关错误的话,下方的操作,就先设置闪回空间大小,再指定路径), 另外还需要在操作系统层面创建相应的目录; 参考下方相关操作!!!然后再回来执行上述打开闪回的命令。
(3) 然后 设置闪回路径 设置闪回路径大小 设置闪回保存策略
设置闪回区位置:
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area' scope=spfile;
操作系统层面创建闪回相关目录:
[oracle@dbserver oracle]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area
设置闪回路径大小
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=30g scope=spfile;
设置闪回目标为5天,以分钟为单位,oracle默认1440分钟,即一天)
SQL> alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=7200 scope=spfile; SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 6 Next log sequence to archive 8 Current log sequence 8 SQL> select open_mode,flashback_on from v$database; OPEN_MODE FLASHBACK_ON -------------------- ------------------ MOUNTED YES
(4) 重启数据库
查看相关配置是否生效
SQL> select open_mode,flashback_on from v$database; OPEN_MODE FLASHBACK_ON -------------------- ------------------ MOUNTED YES SQL> alter database open; SQL> shutdown immediate SQL> startup SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 6 Next log sequence to archive 8 Current log sequence 8 SQL> select open_mode,flashback_on from v$database; OPEN_MODE FLASHBACK_ON -------------------- ------------------ READ WRITE YES
查看闪回恢复区的配置
SQL> show parameter db_recovery NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/account_flashback_area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 5G
检查flash recovery area的使用情况,查看archivelog
SQL> set linesize 200 SQL> set pagesize 80 SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE; FILE_TYPE PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES -------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- --------------- CONTROL FILE 0 0 0 REDO LOG 0 0 0 ARCHIVED LOG 0 0 0 BACKUP PIECE 0 0 0 IMAGE COPY 0 0 0 FLASHBACK LOG 1.95 0 2 FOREIGN ARCHIVED LOG 0 0 0 7 rows selected.
计算flash recovery area已经占用的空间
SQL> select sum(percent_space_used)*3/100 from v$flash_recovery_area_usage; SUM(PERCENT_SPACE_USED)*3/100 ----------------------------- .0585 SQL> select archiver from v$instance; ARCHIVE ------- STARTED SQL> select name from v$archived_log; NAME ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_6_947091054.dbf
强制切换归档:
SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> select name from v$archived_log; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_6_947091054.dbf /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch_1_8_947091054.log SQL> show parameter db_recover NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/fl ashback_area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 30G
补充个发现:
当选择oracle默认的配置,将归档日志存放在闪回区之后,生成的归档日志,是以日期为文件夹,并且日志后缀名为.arc,
而如果归档日志是自定义指定的存放路径,那么归档日志文件是以定义的日志格式存放的,后缀名为.bdf。
SQL> col name for a100 SQL> select recid, name, first_time from v$archived_log; RECID NAME FIRST_TIME ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/1_6_950980202.dbf 2017-08-02 17:10:47 2 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/1_7_950980202.dbf 2017-08-03 10:13:28 3 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/1_8_950980202.dbf 2017-08-03 11:48:58 4 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/1_9_950980202.dbf 2017-08-03 11:49:47 5 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area/ORCL/archivelog/2017_08_03/o1_mf_1_10_dr5lkd29_.arc 2017-08-03 14:44:51 6 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area/ORCL/archivelog/2017_08_03/o1_mf_1_11_dr5lm0og_.arc 2017-08-03 15:01:00 7 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area/ORCL/archivelog/2017_08_03/o1_mf_1_12_dr5lqxsh_.arc 2017-08-03 15:01:52 8 /home/oracle/u01/app/oracle/flashback_area/ORCL/archivelog/2017_08_03/o1_mf_1_13_dr5lstob_.arc 2017-08-03 15:04:29