【C++】去除vector里重复元素的方法比较
背景:构造一个无重复的白名单,之后要在里面进行二分查找。故要求名单有序,且无重复,并且要进行二分查找,所以要采用有:随机访问迭代器类型的容器。这类容器有vector,array,deque。显然要vector和deque合适一点,但是deque并没有体现出其两端和中间插入时间为固定而非线性的优势,因为本例都在尾部插入,vector和deque同为固定时间。而deque的随机存储操作时间长,故采用vector。
一.利用STL算法unique
首先要将vector排序,排序后。利用erase配合unique算法。利用一个含有一百万整数,里面重复数字并不太多的情况测试。
- #include<fstream>
- #include<iostream>
- #include <vector>
- #include<algorithm>
- #include<ctime>
- using namespace std;
- void main()
- {
- ifstream fwhite;
- int number;
- vector<int> white_list;
- clock_t cost;
- fwhite.open("largeW.txt");
- if(!fwhite.is_open())
- {//or use .good .fail or directly use ! to judge if the file has been opened successfully
- cout<<"can't open file list"<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- cost=clock();
- while(!fwhite.eof())
- {
- fwhite>>number;
- white_list.push_back(number);
- }
- cost=clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to load data : "<<cost<<endl;
- sort(white_list.begin(),white_list.end());
- white_list.erase(unique(white_list.begin(),white_list.end()),white_list.end());
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to remove reduplicative data from vector : "<<cost<<endl;
- ofstream fout("sort_white.txt",ios::trunc);
- vector<int>::iterator iter=white_list.begin();
- while (iter!= white_list.end())
- {
- fout<<*iter<<endl;
- iter++;
- }
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to write data into file : "<<cost<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- };
二.利用set配合copy
读数据的时候就用set,然后直接拷贝到vector。但是拷贝的时候要用到insert_iterator来进行插入拷贝。(溢出问题)
- #include<fstream>
- #include<iostream>
- #include <vector>
- #include<set>
- #include<algorithm>
- #include<ctime>
- #include <iterator>
- using namespace std;
- void main()
- {
- ifstream fwhite;
- int number;
- vector<int> white_list;
- set<int> ori_list;
- clock_t cost;
- fwhite.open("largeW.txt");
- if(!fwhite.is_open())
- {//or use .good .fail or directly use ! to judge if the file has been opened successfully
- cout<<"can't open file list"<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- cost=clock();
- while(!fwhite.eof())
- {
- fwhite>>number;
- ori_list.insert(number);
- }
- cost=clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to load data : "<<cost<<endl;
- insert_iterator<vector<int> > it(white_list,white_list.begin());
- copy(ori_list.begin(),ori_list.end(),it);
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to copy data from set to vector : "<<cost<<endl;
- ofstream fout("sort_white.txt",ios::trunc);
- vector<int>::iterator iter=white_list.begin();
- while (iter!= white_list.end())
- {
- fout<<*iter<<endl;
- iter++;
- }
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to write data into file : "<<cost<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- };
三.时间开销从开始构造容器开始,利用clock计时
第一种耗时:8.477秒
第二种耗时:23.246秒
看出,还是直接用vector就好,然后配合unique好。原因:同样插入100万个整数,set用时过长,经测试用去了约18秒。为主要开销。
第一种:读取文件到vector开销5.852秒,排序并去除重复元素开销3.205秒,写文件开销15.624秒。总耗时约24秒左右。
第二种:读文件到set开销18.893秒,从set拷贝数据到vector开销4.884秒,写文件开销20秒。总耗时约44秒左右。
但是看出程序写文件很慢,本例中采用iterator迭代取值写文件,如果直接采用索引下标会不会更快?或者采用copy函数和stream_interator?
四.在一的基础上,最后写文件时采用下标而不是迭代器
发现并无明显改进。
五.采用统一复制,配合ostream_iterator使用,在此例中速度缩短近一半。
- #include<fstream>
- #include<iostream>
- #include <vector>
- #include<algorithm>
- #include<ctime>
- #include <iterator>
- using namespace std;
- void main()
- {
- ifstream fwhite;
- int number;
- vector<int> white_list;
- clock_t cost;
- fwhite.open("largeW.txt");
- if(!fwhite.is_open())
- {//or use .good .fail or directly use ! to judge if the file has been opened successfully
- cout<<"can't open file list"<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- cost=clock();
- while(!fwhite.eof())
- {
- fwhite>>number;
- white_list.push_back(number);
- }
- cost=clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to load data : "<<cost<<endl;
- sort(white_list.begin(),white_list.end());
- white_list.erase(unique(white_list.begin(),white_list.end()),white_list.end());
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to remove reduplicative data from vector : "<<cost<<endl;
- ofstream fout("sort_white.txt",ios::trunc);
- /*vector<int>::iterator iter=white_list.begin();
- while (iter!= white_list.end())
- {
- fout<<*iter<<endl;
- iter++;
- }*/
- //for(unsigned int index = 0;index< white_list.size();index++)
- //{
- // fout<<white_list[index]<<endl;
- //}
- copy(white_list.begin(),white_list.end(),ostream_iterator<int,char>(fout,"\n"));
- cost = clock()-cost;
- cout<<"Time to write data into file : "<<cost<<endl;
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- };
另外:largeW文件是从《算法4》的网站得到的,或者可以采用rand函数先自己制造一个。每行一个int型整数,100万行即可。