linux ssh 免密码登录和别名设置
linux 系统中, SSH免密登录的配置.
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-copy-id
一. 安装ssh-keygen前查看~/.ssh目录.
1 grok@ubuntu:~$ cd ~/.ssh 2 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ls -lha 3 总用量 12K 4 drwx------ 2 grok grok 4.0K Mar 4 09:46 . 5 drwxr-xr-x 18 grok grok 4.0K Mar 4 11:00 .. 6 -rw-r--r-- 1 grok grok 222 Mar 4 09:46 known_hosts 7 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$
安装 ssh-keygen 直接三次下一步.安装过程如下图.
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen 2 Generating public/private rsa key pair. 3 Enter file in which to save the key (/home/grok/.ssh/id_rsa): 4 Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 5 Enter same passphrase again: 6 Your identification has been saved in /home/grok/.ssh/id_rsa 7 Your public key has been saved in /home/grok/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 8 The key fingerprint is: 9 SHA256:Qm5jZjS07O2E3AZUSXvmcp+qeh95Ty5+OVINlBV/X20 grok@ubuntu 10 The key's randomart image is: 11 +---[RSA 3072]----+ 12 | ooo. +o| 13 | + ... o o| 14 | B . o . E| 15 | * * + ..+| 16 | % S o o.| 17 | = * o o .. .| 18 | . o +... | 19 | . +o++ | 20 | .o.oo..+o. | 21 +----[SHA256]-----+ 22 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$
安装后, 我们查看 ~/.ssh目录内容,发现出现id_rsa 和id_rsa.pub ,表示安装成功.
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ls -lha 2 总用量 20K 3 drwx------ 2 grok grok 4.0K Mar 5 16:18 . 4 drwxr-xr-x 18 grok grok 4.0K Mar 4 11:00 .. 5 -rw------- 1 grok grok 2.6K Mar 5 16:18 id_rsa 6 -rw-r--r-- 1 grok grok 565 Mar 5 16:18 id_rsa.pub 7 -rw-r--r-- 1 grok grok 222 Mar 4 09:46 known_hosts
其中id_rsa和id_rsa.pub 被称为私钥和公钥, 此种加密称为非对称加密.
二. 现在需要将密钥分发给需要被登录的计算机.我们使用ssh-copy-id命令
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ssh-copy-id grok@192.168.80.131
2 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
3 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
4 grok@192.168.80.131's password:
5
6 Number of key(s) added: 1
7
8 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'grok@192.168.80.131'"
9 and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
现在可以用ssh grok@192.168.80.131 测试登录了
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ssh grok@192.168.80.131 2 Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket 3 4 Last login: Fri Mar 5 11:00:18 2021 5 [grok@localhost ~]$
使用ssh命令登录的时候 , ssh -p 22 grok@ip 需要每次输入端口,用户名,和ip.设置别名,可以简化这些输入.
Host ctos
HostName 192.168.80.131
User grok
Port 22
建立文件 config, 编辑文件config 后保存.
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ touch config 2 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ gedit config
测试登录成功
1 grok@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ssh ctos 2 Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket 3 4 Last login: Fri Mar 5 17:08:50 2021 from 192.168.80.133 5 [grok@localhost ~]$
