一、MySQL的配置文件

  1、my.ini 是什么

    my.ini是MySQL数据库中使用的配置文件,修改这个文件可以达到更新配置的目的。

  2、my.ini 存放在哪里

    (1)以MySQL5.5为例,my.ini 存放在MySQL的安装的根目录

      

 

 

     (2)以 MySQL5.6 | MySQL5.7 | MySQL 8.0 的配置文件存放在 C:\ProgramData\下面:

      

 

 

         

 

         

 

         

 

      注意:修改完配置文件,一定需要重复 MySQL 服务。

二、my.ini 的配置文件内容

  1 # MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
  2 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  3 # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
  4 #
  5 #
  6 # Installation Instructions
  7 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  8 #
  9 # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
 10 # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
 11 # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
 12 # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
 13 #
 14 # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory 
 15 # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
 16 # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option 
 17 # "--defaults-file". 
 18 #
 19 # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a 
 20 # command line shell, e.g.
 21 # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
 22 #
 23 # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a 
 24 # command line shell, e.g.
 25 # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
 26 #
 27 # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
 28 # net start MySQLXY
 29 #
 30 #
 31 # Guildlines for editing this file
 32 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 33 #
 34 # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
 35 # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
 36 # with the "--help" option.
 37 #
 38 # More detailed information about the individual options can also be
 39 # found in the manual.
 40 #
 41 #
 42 # CLIENT SECTION
 43 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 44 #
 45 # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
 46 # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
 47 # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
 48 # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
 49 # MySQL client library initialization.
 50 #
 51 [client]
 52 
 53 port=3306
 54 
 55 [mysql]
 56 
 57 default-character-set=utf8
 58 
 59 
 60 # SERVER SECTION
 61 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 62 #
 63 # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
 64 # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 
 65 # file.
 66 #
 67 [mysqld]
 68 
 69 # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
 70 port=3306
 71 
 72 
 73 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
 74 basedir="D:/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/"
 75 
 76 #Path to the database root
 77 datadir="D:/MySQL_Data/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/"
 78 
 79 # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
 80 # created and no character set is defined
 81 character-set-server=utf8
 82 
 83 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
 84 default-storage-engine=INNODB
 85 
 86 # Set the SQL mode to strict
 87 sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
 88 
 89 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
 90 # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
 91 # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
 92 # connection limit has been reached.
 93 max_connections=100
 94 
 95 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
 96 # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
 97 # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
 98 # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
 99 # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
100 # is high enough for your load.
101 # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
102 # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
103 # slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
104 query_cache_size=15M
105 
106 # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
107 # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
108 # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
109 # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
110 # section [mysqld_safe]
111 table_cache=256
112 
113 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
114 # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
115 # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
116 # of them.
117 tmp_table_size=18M
118 
119 
120 # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
121 # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
122 # more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
123 # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
124 # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
125 # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
126 thread_cache_size=8
127 
128 #*** MyISAM Specific options
129 
130 # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
131 # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
132 # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
133 # through the key cache (which is slower).
134 myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
135 
136 # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
137 # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
138 # key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in
139 # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
140 myisam_sort_buffer_size=35M
141 
142 # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
143 # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
144 # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
145 # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
146 # used for internal temporary disk tables.
147 key_buffer_size=23M
148 
149 # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
150 # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
151 read_buffer_size=64K
152 read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
153 
154 # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
155 # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
156 # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
157 # large settings.
158 sort_buffer_size=256K
159 
160 
161 #*** INNODB Specific options ***
162 
163 
164 # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
165 # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
166 # and speed up some things.
167 #skip-innodb
168 
169 # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
170 # information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
171 # start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most
172 # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
173 # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
174 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M
175 
176 # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
177 # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
178 # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
179 # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
180 # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
181 # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
182 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
183 # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
184 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
185 
186 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
187 # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
188 # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
189 # (even with long transactions).
190 innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
191 
192 # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
193 # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
194 # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
195 # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
196 # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
197 # cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
198 # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
199 # set it too high.
200 innodb_buffer_pool_size=42M
201 
202 # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
203 # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
204 # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
205 # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
206 # recovery process.
207 innodb_log_file_size=10M
208 
209 # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
210 # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
211 # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
212 innodb_thread_concurrency=10

 

 

三、my.ini 的配置参数说明

  1、客户端参数

 1 # CLIENT SECTION
 2 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 #
 4 # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
 5 # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
 6 # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
 7 # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
 8 # MySQL client library initialization.
 9 #
10 [client]
11 
12 port=3306
13 
14 [mysql]
15 
16 default-character-set=utf8

 

    上面显示的是客户端的参数,[client]和[mysql]都是客户端,下面是参数简介:

port参数表示的是MySQL数据库的端口,默认的端口是3306,如果你需要更改端口号的话,就可以通过在这里修改。

default-character-set参数是客户端默认的字符集,如果你希望它支持中文,可以设置成gbk或者utf8。

这里还有一个password参数,在这里设置了password参数的值就可以在登陆时不用输入密码直接进入

  

  2、服务器端参数

 1 # SERVER SECTION
 2 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 #
 4 # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
 5 # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 
 6 # file.
 7 #
 8 [mysqld]
 9 
10 # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
11 port=3306
12 
13 
14 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
15 basedir="D:/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/"
16 
17 #Path to the database root
18 datadir="D:/MySQL_Data/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/"
19 
20 # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
21 # created and no character set is defined
22 character-set-server=utf8
23 
24 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
25 default-storage-engine=INNODB
26 
27 # Set the SQL mode to strict
28 sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
29 
30 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
31 # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
32 # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
33 # connection limit has been reached.
34 max_connections=100
35 
36 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
37 # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
38 # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
39 # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
40 # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
41 # is high enough for your load.
42 # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
43 # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
44 # slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
45 query_cache_size=15M
46 
47 # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
48 # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
49 # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
50 # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
51 # section [mysqld_safe]
52 table_cache=256
53 
54 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
55 # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
56 # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
57 # of them.
58 tmp_table_size=18M
59 
60 
61 # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
62 # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
63 # more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
64 # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
65 # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
66 # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
67 thread_cache_size=8

 

    上面是服务器端参数,一下是参数的简介:

    1.port参数也是表示数据库的端口。

  2.basedir参数表示MySQL的安装路径。

  3.datadir参数表示MySQL数据文件的存储位置,也是数据库表的存放位置。

  4.default-character-set参数表示默认的字符集,这个字符集是服务器端的。

  5.default-storage-engine参数默认的存储引擎。

  6.sql-mode参数表示SQL模式的参数,通过这个参数可以设置检验SQL语句的严格程度。

  7.max_connections参数表示允许同时访问MySQL服务器的最大连接数,其中一个连接是保留的,留给管理员专用的。

  8.query_cache_size参数表示查询时的缓存大小,缓存中可以存储以前通过select语句查询过的信息,再次查询时就可以直接从缓存中拿出信息。

  9.table_cache参数表示所有进程打开表的总数。

  10.tmp_table_size参数表示内存中临时表的总数。

  11.thread_cache_size参数表示保留客户端线程的缓存。

  12.myisam_max_sort_file_size参数表示MySQL重建索引时所允许的最大临时文件的大小。

  13.myisam_sort_buffer_size参数表示重建索引时的缓存大小。

  14.key_buffer_size参数表示关键词的缓存大小。

  15.read_buffer_size参数表示MyISAM表全表扫描的缓存大小。

  16.read_rnd_buffer_size参数表示将排序好的数据存入该缓存中。

  17.sort_buffer_size参数表示用于排序的缓存大小

  

  3、MyISAM 存储引擎特有的选项

 1 #*** MyISAM Specific options
 2 
 3 # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
 4 # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
 5 # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
 6 # through the key cache (which is slower).
 7 myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
 8 
 9 # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
10 # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
11 # key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in
12 # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
13 myisam_sort_buffer_size=35M
14 
15 # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
16 # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
17 # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
18 # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
19 # used for internal temporary disk tables.
20 key_buffer_size=23M
21 
22 # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
23 # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
24 read_buffer_size=64K
25 read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
26 
27 # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
28 # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
29 # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
30 # large settings.
31 sort_buffer_size=256K

 

 

  4、INNODB 引擎的特有选项

 1 #*** INNODB Specific options ***
 2 
 3 
 4 # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
 5 # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
 6 # and speed up some things.
 7 #skip-innodb
 8 
 9 # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
10 # information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
11 # start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most
12 # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
13 # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
14 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M
15 
16 # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
17 # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
18 # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
19 # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
20 # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
21 # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
22 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
23 # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
24 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
25 
26 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
27 # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
28 # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
29 # (even with long transactions).
30 innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
31 
32 # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
33 # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
34 # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
35 # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
36 # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
37 # cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
38 # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
39 # set it too high.
40 innodb_buffer_pool_size=42M
41 
42 # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
43 # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
44 # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
45 # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
46 # recovery process.
47 innodb_log_file_size=10M
48 
49 # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
50 # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
51 # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
52 innodb_thread_concurrency=10

 

    上面是InnoDB存储引擎使用的参数,一下是参数的简介:

    1.innodb_additional_mem_pool_size参数表示附加的内存池,用来存储InnoDB表的内容。

  2.innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit参数是设置提交日志的时机,若设置为1,InnoDB会在每次提交后将事务日志写到磁盘上。

  3.innodb_log_buffer_size参数表示用来存储日志数据的缓存区的大小。

  4.innodb_buffer_pool_size参数表示缓存的大小,InnoDB使用一个缓冲池类保存索引和原始数据。

  5.innodb_log_file_size参数表示日志文件的大小。

  6.innodb_thread_concurrency参数表示在InnoDB存储引擎允许的线程最大数。 

  

 

 

四、Linux 下的配置文件

 

五、

  推荐阅读:

    MySQL 配置文件详解

     MySQL my.cnf 参数配置优化详解

    MySQL InnoDB 存储引擎参数优化

 

posted on 2021-06-05 10:19  格物致知_Tony  阅读(2583)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报